Logical Consistency and Possibility Logic is basically a study of the consistency of beliefs whereas belief is part of a psychological state in which a person thinks‚ is under impression‚ and believes that the universe has some property. A set of statements is logically consistent when it involves no contradictions. Logical consistency is an essential element for good reasoning because logic gives the correct conclusion as long as you have all the necessary premises correct. You can document and/or
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David Hume A. Contributions to the Age of Reason B. Who and what influenced him II. Jean Jacques Rousseau A. What he believed in B. Who influenced him III. Claude Adrien Helvetius A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution IV. Immanuel Kant A. How he made a difference B. Why he made a difference C. What caused him to make a difference V. Johann Fichte A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution VI. Johann von Herder A. Contributions B. What caused him to contribute C
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What does the phrase tabula rasa signify? BLANK SLATE 6. What philosopher is associated with “pehenomenalism?’ HUNE OBJECTIVES: 1. What are the two primary ay sin which the question: “What is the origin of knowledge” can be answered? Rationalism and Empiricism 2. 2. Give three exemplars of each approach‚ and describe why they are either an empiricist or a rationalist. 3. How are Descartes and Locke alike‚ and how are the unalike? Descartes‚ a rationalist‚ and Locke‚ an empiricist‚ attempt to
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theories (Duty and Rights) Duties are set down as rules which must be followed. Rights are behaviours that a person expects of others. Actions are intrinsically right or wrong regardless of the consequences which they produce. 1. Theological ethics 2. Rationalism 3. Social contract theory Ethical Egoism • Based on the belief that people should act in a way that maximises the ‘good’ of the person making the decision. – For e.g. ethical egoists would not stop to help the victim of a road accident if that
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The History of Philosophy A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y and Z (A) Abelard‚ Peter: One of the most heated debates that troubled the church in the Middle Ages was the question of universals. This question goes back as far as Plato’s Forms. It has to do with the relationship between the abstract and general concepts that we have in our minds (what is the relationship between Chair with a capitol “C” and chair with a small “c”?). And from this‚ two radical viewpoints emerged
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Aristotle and Kant - as ancient to modern ethics on virtue and happiness. The following essay aims to compare Ancient versus Modern theories of ethics‚ particularly those of Aristotle and Immanuel Kant. The central concepts of virtue‚ happiness‚ and the human good are relevant to modern ethics‚ but do not play the same role as they did in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. The concepts are also relevant to Autonomy “as autonomy is the capacity for self-government. Agents are autonomous if their actions
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Belief alone is not enough to say that we have knowledge of what we believe‚ if we wish to say that we have knowledge of a belief it must be termed as justified belief for us to believe that it is a true belief. For a belief to be justified it must follow a certain standard of principles . Believing and knowing are two different things‚ belief is not a true indication of the truth and is not sufficient for knowledge if there is no justification. According to Roderick Chisholm’s attempt at revising
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Dating as far back as the 17th and 18th century‚ the dispute between rationalism and empiricism has long been the opposing philosophies of René Descartes and John Locke. Descartes was a rationalist who believed in innate ideas‚ solid reasoning‚ and the ability of deduction. In contrast‚ Locke was an empiricist that believed in sensory perception‚ induction‚ and attaining knowledge through experience which he argued was our only source of ideas. This brings us to the prompt; describe the difference
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A SEMINAR PAPER ON LOGICAL POSITIVISM AND THE ABSURDITY OF METAPHYSICS PRESENTED BY: AKOMOLAFE OLUWATOBA M. MATRIC NO: 187189 COURSE CODE: PHI 702 COURSE TITLE: HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY LECTURER IN CHARGE: Dr. Afolayan LOGICAL POSITIVISM AND THE ABSURDITY OF METAPHYSICS NATURE OF METAPHYSICS In everyday discourse‚ “Metaphysics”
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He does analyze the two classical arguments for the existence of God‚ namely the ontological argument and the argument from design. The two arguments belong to sharply contrasting philosophical approaches namely rationalism and empiricism. The ontological argument is based on rationalism and uses reasoning (much in the same way as mathematics) to make its case for the existence of God and is thus a priori. The ontological argument uses opposite contradiction to prove the existence of a being than
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