Born August 29‚ 1632‚ in Wrington‚ England‚ John Locke was an English philosopher and physician‚ being widely deemed as one of the most influential thinkers during the Age of Enlightenment‚ often being regarded to as the “Father of Liberalism”. Coming from a Puritan background‚ both his parents made sure to raise him in the same manner playing a key role in his development. Dying October 28‚ 1704‚ Locke’s work was a major building block in the development of epistemology and political writing‚ influencing
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consideration cultural norms‚ beliefs‚ values‚ or the code of law. One universal view that holds is that people do encourage morality‚ and punishment of immoral people (Hofmann‚ Wilhelm‚ et al‚ 1340). Emmanuel Kant and John Mill developed theories to explain the nature of morality among human beings. Emmanuel Kant based his argument on reasoning and human responsibility where he advocates the use of rational thinking and respect for other people. John
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both played a major part in philosophy during the 17th century. Their ideas set the groundwork for two of the most well-known political systems today. Absolutism‚ which was based off of the ideas of Hobbes was a political system in which all state/political authority and economic control rested in the hands of a king or queen. In this type of government‚ the sovereign had complete control of an entire empire and they were not accountable to anybody but God. The ethical
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John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) are among the most prominent influential thinkers of the enlightenment era. Both Locke and Rousseau argued that we gain civil rights in return for respecting the rights of others and by doing so‚ we gave up our natural rights. In this paper‚ I will argue how an agreement among members to start a social contract was driven by fear and the desire to change the world for self-interest. Social contract theory‚ is the view that a persons’
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Philosophers of the Enlightenment had numerous and often discordant ideas about government‚ the most notable being the contrasting social contract theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Locke believed that humans‚ in the state of nature‚ were a blank slate‚ enjoying complete equality‚ freedom‚ and independence. By surrendering some of these natural rights through a social contract‚ governments were created which would act for the benefit of the people and be controlled by the people. However‚
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Born Immanuel Kant in what is now known‚ as Kalingrad Russia in 1724‚ Kant became one of the greatest philosophers since the Greeks. Kant stayed in his hometown for most of his life and became famous for his brilliant mind and thoughts of his own ethical theory. Kant’s ethical theory is an analysis of the bases of the concepts of moral code and moral obligation. His theory goes into breaking down and giving guidelines to those rational beings who wish to live or seek to live a purely good life. They
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Philosophical Comparison (Hobbes & Locke) Hobbes‚ while being clearly in support of a Unitarian government under one strong leader‚ is seemingly in juxtaposition to Locke‚ who holds that any government must conform to the laws established in the legislation. Hobbes‚ reacting to the brutal and violent civil war taking place in England‚ was writing in protest to what he saw. Hobbes believed that in this state nothing would‚ or could be achieved. He believed that what would unify the state was not
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According to John Locke‚ private property is a natural right because the ownership of things is the only means by which a person can sustain himself or herself in physical comfort. Even though the natural condition of everything on earth and in it is that of common ownership‚ without a prior personal claim by any human being‚ people cannot make use of any of these things unless a certain method of appropriation is utilized. This method of appropriation‚ according to Locke‚ is labor. The definition
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Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who‚ like several philosophers at the time‚ contemplated and wrote about morality‚ specifically the origin of human morals. Kant‚ unlike these other thinkers‚ believed that morality and religion‚ two topics that were typically paired together when speaking about morality‚ should be kept separate because they did not belong together. Kant believed that the only way to determine what was morally right and wrong could only be found by engaging reason‚ not religion
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compare two moral theories in attempt to uncover what one provides a better argument and can be applied as a universal moral code. The two moral theorists Immanuel Kant and J.S Mill have created two distinctly different theories on morality and how to develop a universal moral code. Both theories focus on intentions and consequences. Kant believes that the intentions and reasons of our actions can be measured and defined as morally correct‚ where as Mill believes that our intentions really play no
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