according to Kant? For hundreds of years questions such as what is enlightenment and how can we be enlightened were asked‚ and many different answers were given. Some tell that it is all about being educated‚ knowing few languages or being a great mathematician or a writer; others‚ on contrary‚ say that is not about academic education‚ but about education of our souls‚ that brings harmony and serenity. But every witness has its own truth. So in 1784‚ philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote “What
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on a singular person’s desires or wills. For Kant‚ categorical imperatives are the foundation for morality because they invoke “pure” reasons for our moral actions and decisions since each rational being reasons to act outside of their own personal desires or will which may cloud judgments or impose a biased verdict of the situation. Kant explains this by distinguishing two different kinds of imperatives; categorical and hypothetical. Obviously Kant is interested in categorical imperatives and uses
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John Singer “The memories of his friend changed in his mind so that he could remember nothing that was wrong or foolish- only the wise and the good. He saw Antonapoulos sitting in a large chair before him. He sat tranquil and unmoving. His face was inscrutable. His mouth was wise and smiling. And his eyes were profound. He watched the things that were said to him. And in his wisdom he understood.” (McCullers‚204) This excerpt is narration of the character John Singer‚ where he explains how his
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Enlightenment What is Enlightenment was an essay written by Immanuel Kant in 1784. Its motto: Sapere aude! (Dare to know!). The Enlightenment concerns humanity gaining the courage to think and reason for themselves without the guidance of others. It encourages men to question authority and constantly voice their opinions. It also requires that men in private‚ appointed positions‚ make sure the public knows what is going on in their workplace. Kant considers that priests and clergymen are in private positions
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Kant or Utilitarianism In this essay we will discuss what Kant’s and a utilitarian’s view on insider trading would be. As we have discussed in previous essays‚ Kant believed that moral rules could be known through reason and not just by observation (Shaw and Barry 69). For me this is the basis of all decisions that we make and why I would support Kant’s point of view on insider trading. Utilitarianism concentrates on producing the greatest amount of happiness and using it as a standard to determine
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Immanuel Kant on Law and Justice To be moral living human beings there must be a guiding action. This action varies depending on the degree of obligation: law‚ rule or maxim. A law should promote and protect the common good. Above all‚ a law must be just and reasonable to follow. A rule is a prescribed guide for conduct or action that indicates how we ought to act to behave in certain situations. Rules are not strictly legislated but are nevertheless obligatory guidelines for actions. A maxim
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Immanuel Kant is recognized as the greatest philosopher since Plato and Aristotle (Wolff). He is most widely known for his work in the fields of metaphysics and epistemology (McCormick). Kant published many works regarding his epistemological views‚ but his most famous work is The Critique of Pure Reason (McCormick). He noted that Descartes had “simply accepted consciousness as an…inexplicable fact” (Wolff). Kant utilized this observation to refute Descartes’ famous quote‚ “I think‚ therefore
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sweetheart. In Singer’s article “The Singer Solution to World Poverty‚” Singer suggests an eradicable solution‚ that “prosperous people should donate to overseas aid organizations” to help the needy in other countries that cannot afford even the simplest necessities instead of purchasing those “luxuries.” There are several pros and cons that float around Singer’s argument‚ the negatives however seem to out rule the positive thinking in Singer’s case. Singer urges that Americans should donate every
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Peter Willetts: “Transnational actors and international organizations in global politics” (2008) 1. Introduction -> international relations should no longer be regarded as ‘states’ interacting with each other: = from realist to pluralist approach = international relations and global politics as the interaction of: - states or governments - transnational companies (Nestlé‚ Shell‚ Ford‚ …) - national NGOs - IGOs (UN‚ NATO‚ EU‚ …) - INGOs (Amnesty International‚ WWF‚ …) 2. Problems with
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increasing admiration and awe the oftener and more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.” – Kant (1788)‚ pp‚ 193‚ 259 Immanuel Kant introduced and initiated his ‘moral law theory’ in the late 18th century. The doctrine in question sought to establish and constitute a supreme or absolute principle of morality. Kant disputes the existence of an ‘ethical system’‚ whereby moral obligations are obligations of ‘purpose’ or ‘reason’. The accuracy of actions
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