Any monetary costs from going skiing‚ as well as anything you lose by going skiing‚ wages or time studying. The cost of skiing instead of going to the library to study is the costs associated with skiing along with the knowledge that could of be gained by going to the library. Since the cost of going to the library cannot be measured in monetary terms‚ it will vary from person to person. A person who needs to study for a final to be taken on Monday may give up more than someone who is going to the
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bars and from 2006 to 2007‚ the prison population alone grew by 25‚000 (A. Liptak‚ 2008). This does not include county jails. It costs the federal and state governments approximately $20‚000 to $30‚000 a year to incarcerate one offender. That means that if a convicted felon’s sentence is 10 years‚ it will cost the government at least $220‚000. The estimated total annual cost of housing‚ feeding and providing services to all prisoners is $40 billion. The U.S. correction system has three main goals:
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clear thinking along with presentation | | | Subject Specific Parameters | 1. Understanding the procedures of Costing | Clarity of concept | | | 2. To be able to calculate the unit cost and prepare costing Profit & Loss statement | Precision in cost calculation and preparation of cost sheet | | | Grades | Grade Descriptors | Achieved Yes/No (Y / N) | P | A Pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined. | | M | Identify & apply strategies/techniques
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to the company is 50%. Compute the cost of debt capital. b) Y Ltd. issues Rs.50‚000 8% debentures at a premium of 10%. The tax rate applicable to the company is 60%. Compute cost of debt capital. c) A Ltd. issues Rs.50‚000 8% debentures at a discount of 5%. The tax rate is 50%‚ Compute the cost of debt capital. d) B Ltd. issues Rs.1‚00‚000 9% debentures at a premium of 10%. The costs of floatation are 2%. The tax rate applicable is 60%. Compute cost of debt-capital. -D 2. A company
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Cost structures Starbucks How Starbucks minimizes the impact of coffee prices I believe there are two explanations for the "irrelevance" of coffee prices. 1. Purchase contracts 2. Hedging Purchase contracts Starbucks buys most of its co ffee from suppliers through fixed-price commitments. This means that it won’t feel the effect of short-term fluctuations in coffee prices‚ as the price and quantity are fixed. I estimate that these commitments typically last around a year. Hedging
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Journal of Cleaner Production 11 (2003) 667–676 www.cleanerproduction.net The use of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) for identifying environmental costs Christine Jasch ∗ ¨ Institute for Environmental Management and Economics‚ IOW‚ Rechte Wienzeile 1915‚ A-1040 Vienna‚ Austria Received 28 August 2001; accepted 27 June 2002 Abstract The Expert Working Group on “Improving the Role of Government in the Promotion of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)” was set up by the
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The need and cost for democracy The word democracy derives from the two greek words ‘Demos’ and ‘Kratos’. ‘Demos’ meaning people‚ and ‘Kratos’ meaning power.1 Although political equality has been hailed by many people; there are still a lot of critics who doubt its cost and/or efficiency2 Democracy being doubted by some great thinkers makes it a very interesting thing to look at. It is so self-evident and accepted in our everyday life; that it would be rather hard to look at objectively. In
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by: Q = 5000 - 200P Firm 1 has a unit cost of production c1 equal to 6 whereas firm 2 has a higher unit cost of production c2 equal to 10. a. What is the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium outcome? b. What are the profits for each firm? c. Is this outcome efficient? Answer: (a) At equilibrium‚ assuming that if both firms charge the same price‚ then the firms split the market evenly. (b) The higher cost firm makes zero profit‚ whereas the lower cost firm’s profit is (c) No‚ this
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FRANGOR SPA: STRATEGIC COST ANALYSIS FOR PROFIT RECOVERY by Riccardo Silvi Preliminary draft A) Overview and Strategic Financial Analysis Mr. Paolo Frangor was standing in front of the big window of his office. From there‚ he could see the wide square and the part of the building where the products -- machines for agriculture (rotary tillers‚ spading machines‚ harrows‚ …) -- were produced. He was satisfied with this new location. The bigger dimension‚ indeed‚ could help his employees do a better
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IMPACT OF COST ACCOUNTING ON FINANCIAL DECISION INTRODUCTION In the modern business world‚ the nature and functioning of business organizations have become very complicated. They have to serve the needs of variety of parties who are interested in the functioning of the business. These parties constitute the owners‚ creditors‚ employees‚ government agencies‚ tax authorities‚ prospective investors‚ and last but not the least the management of the business. The business has to serve the needs
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