Do you agree that the first cause argument proves that God exists? The first cause argument takes the existence of the universe to entail the existence of a being that created it. It does so based on the fact that the universe had a beginning. There must‚ the first cause argument says‚ be something that caused that beginning‚ a first cause of the universe. I do believe that the first cause argument proves God’s existence. This is because the universe consists of a series of events stretched across
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[A]Explain Kantian ethics. Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 and was a renowned German philosopher with huge influences on modern philosophy. He was perhaps most known for his work ‘Critique of Practical Reason’ which looked at the way we as humans use reason to arrive at result. This work with reason was his most significant‚ aimed as a response to empiricism and rationalism. Kant’s ethical standpoint was also extremely significant and was based strongly around the idea we are duty bound to do
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The weaknesses of the Ontological Argument give support to Atheism. Discuss this claim (12 marks) Anselm’s ontological argument described in part (a)‚ was refuted in his own lifetime‚ by Gaunilo‚ who demonstrated in a reduction ad absurdum of his own‚ that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than God‚ it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo didn’t identify any specific fault with the argument‚ but argued that something must be wrong with it‚ because if there wasn’t anything
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(A) Explain how Descartes developed Anselm’s argument that God’s existence is necessary. Anselm used the Ontological Argument to prove that God’s existence is necessary. The origins of this argument are found in Anselm’s writings‚ he began with a quotation from a Psalm “The fool says in his heart‚ ‘there is no God’…” and then reflected on the truthfulness of this. Anselm defined God as ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’ assuming you accept this a priori definition Anselm went on
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attempt to substantiate Immanuel Kant’s view on animal morality and justify how his philosophy is not in violation of speciesism. Furthermore‚ I will explain how the Kantian view still grants animals some moral consideration through the designation of “indirect duties”. Lastly‚ I will present a difficulty with accepting the Kantian view of “indirect duties” towards animals. Moral quandaries regarding animals are still demanding the attention of many philosophers as they attempt to modify and inspect
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in which the design argument provides evidence for the existence of God The design argument is an explanation used by theists to prove the existence of God. It is also called the teleological argument. The word teleological comes from the Greek word teleos which means ‘end’ or ‘purpose’. The argument uses observation of the natural world to provide evidence of design and uses this evidence to back up the existence of God as what has been designed needs a designer. As the argument uses evidence to confirm
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Examine the main strengths of the cosmological argument for the existence of God (21 marks) The main question the cosmological argument ponders thought on is ‘Why is there a universe at all?’ The cosmological argument asks the scientific question behind the universe as the design argument asks an emotional one. One of the main strengths of the cosmological argument was brought forward again recently by William Lane Craig. The argument tries to say that the world couldn’t have just occurred‚ there
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What role does duty play in ethics? Based on this‚ do you resonate more with the utilitarian‚ virtue ethics‚ Kantian‚ natural rights‚ or egoist theories? Provide an example if you choose to answer this question. While‚ I tend to agree more with the Kantian principle of categorical imperatives which tend to say that morals should come not out of desires or wants but out of duty as desires and wants are hypothetical Imperatives. Duty should be the deciding factor for what is ethical or not. I tend
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Is the prohibition on torture an absolute moral rule? Chapter 9: The Categorical Imperative (Annex D- “Elements of Moral Philosophy”) Wk 11 29th & 31st Oct Kantian Ethics: Good will‚ cont’d Categorical and Hypothetical Imperative‚ Duty‚ Rational Nature‚ Just War- Just peace‚ Terror‚ Punishment Is the prohibition on aiming at the death of a harmless person an absolute moral rule? Is the prohibition on torture
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Kantian ethics can be used to analyze the moral implications of James’ decision without considering the consequences that occurred afterwards. Immanuel Kant’s theory of morality is based off of two virtues: good will and duty. Kant believed that good will
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