order to escape from Nazis. To serve the psychoanalytical community there‚ he founded a training institute. Immediately Perls joined British Army and worked as psychiatrist (Clarkson‚Mackewn‚1993). In 1946‚ Perls worked with Wilhelm Reich and Karen Horney and because of this‚ he had to move his family to New York and settled in Manhattan. In 1951‚ Paul Goodman ‚Ralph Hefferline and Perls published the book Gestalt Therapy based on Perls’s research and clinical study. Shortly after that‚ Perls started
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Bergson‚ and Sigmund Freud‚ major philosophers of the era include Franz Gall‚ Francis Galton‚ and William James. During these times women were not taken seriously in psychology; it took strong‚ pioneering women‚ such as Margaret Floy Washburn‚ Karen Horney‚ Mary Calkins‚ and Mary Cover Jones to bridge the gap in this male- dominated field of science. Mary Cover Jones looked at what others had studied‚ and rethought how to make the science better; she is known as the “Mother of Behavior Therapy” (Nevid
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Psychology still has its own centers‚ schools and work groups‚ but Adler’s influence has permeated other psychologies. His "aggression drive" reappeared in the Ego psychology of orthodox psychoanalysis; other Adlerian echoes are found in the work of Karen Horney‚ Harry Stack Sullivan‚ Franz Alexander and Ian Suttie. Those who try to see the backward child‚ the delinquent‚ the psychopath or the psychiatric patient as a whole person are sharing Adler’s viewpoint.Adler was the grandfather to Humanistic Psychology
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were able to become aware of their underlying problems‚ their behavior did not actually change. By the 1950s‚ Ellis had started experimenting with other types of psychotherapy and was heavily influenced by philosophers and psychologists including Karen Horney and Alfred Adler as well as the work of behavioral therapists. Ellis ’s goal was to develop an action-oriented approach to psychotherapy designed to produce results by helping clients manage their emotions‚ cognitions‚ and behaviors. According
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human behavior and personality traits. Psychodynamic Theories Some of the most noted individuals involved with psychodynamic theories are Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)‚ Alfred Alder (1870-1937)‚ Carl Jung (1875-1961)‚ Melanie Klein (1882-1960)‚ Karen Horney (1885-1952)‚ Erich Fromm (1900-1980)‚ Harry Sullivan (1892-1949)‚ and Erik Erikson (1902-1994). Each of these individuals developed theories that form the basic guidelines of understanding human personalities. These theories complement and contrast
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Psychoanalytic criticism Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism or literary theory which‚ in method‚ concept‚ or form‚ is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the early development of psychoanalysis itself‚ and has developed into a heterogeneous interpretive tradition. As Patricia Waugh writes‚ ’Psychoanalytic literary criticism does not constitute a unified field....However‚ all variants
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in the formation and development of personality. Alfred Adler‚ viewed consumers as seeking to overcome feelings of inferiority. Harry Stack Sullivan believed that people try to establish significant and rewarding relationships among each other. Karen Horney saw individuals as trying to overcome feelings of anxiety and categorized them as compliant‚ aggressive‚ or detached. Trait Theory It focuses on measuring the personality on the basis of psychological characteristics known as traits. Some
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Psychology Contributions Howard Gardner: Created the theory of multiple intelligences‚ which says that human beings have 8 different “sections” of intelligence. E.L. Thorndike: Developed the puzzle box‚ used to study animal psychology and intelligence; postulated the idea of connectionism which is a proponent of learning and relates basic associations between cause and effect; developed the law of effect principle which states that events followed by satisfaction will be linked with the event
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Basic anxiety can come from a variety of things. These things are plentiful in a child’s life and affect their development and integration into the real world. The article mentions that Horney believes basic anxiety is derived from“. . . direct or indirect domination‚ indifference‚ erratic behavior‚ lack of respect for the child’s individual needs‚ lack of real guidance‚ disparaging attitudes‚ too much admiration or the absence of it‚ lack
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According to Horney‚ culture especially early childhood experiences‚ plays a leading role in shaping human personality‚ either neurotic or healthy. She further stated that early childhood traumas are significant in fostering the development of personality‚ and strongly proposed that social rather than biological forces are more influential on personality development. Based on my reading and understanding of all the personality theories ‚ the Horney Psychoanalytic Social Theory has broaden my knowledge
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