1)Abstract 2)Introduction 3)Causes of earthquakes 4)Basic terminology: a)Hypocentre‚ b)Epicentre c)Focal depth 5)Earthquake size a)Magnitude b)Intensity 6) Earthquake hazard a)Primary effects b)Secondary effects 7)Earthquake loads on buildings 8)How Buildings Respond to Earthquakes 9)Common Modes of Failure a)Structural
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EARTHQUAKE An earthquake (also known as a tremor‚ temblor or seismic activity) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates SEISMIC WAVES. Earthquakes are measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a seismograph. SEISMIC DEFORMATION When an earthquake fault ruptures‚ it causes two types of deformation: static; and dynamic. Static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event. The earthquake cycle progresses
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deadliest earthquake in history killed 840‚000 people‚ But many other earthquake have caused the dead of more than 100‚000 people and isn’t unusual‚ even in modern times‚ for an earthquake death toll to reach 20‚000 to 20‚000 people with hundreds of thousands left homeless. There are four factors that affect the casualty rate and economic impact of earthquake: magnitude‚ location‚ quality of construction of building‚ and timing. Magnitude The magnitude‚ or strength‚ of an earthquake is measured
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2010 Haiti Earthquake - Case Study Location A 7.0 magnitude earthquake strikes Haiti on Tuesday‚ 12th of January 2010 at 16.53 local time (21.53 GMT). The earthquake occurred in Port-au-Prince‚ the capital city of Haiti. The focus of the earthquake was 13 km below the surface of the earth. Causes The earthquake was caused by the North American Plate sliding past the Caribbean Plate at a conservative plate margin. Both plates moved in the same direction‚ but on plate moves
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Impact Approximately 57 deaths‚ about $1.1 billion in property damage; caused a partial collapse of the volcano’s flank‚ deposited ash in eleven states and five Canadian provinces. With no immediate precursors‚ a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurred and was accompanied by a rapid series of events. Mount St. Helens produces small to large explosive eruptions‚ which send varying quantities of ash and tephra into the atmosphere Tephra (rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
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Dear the Society for Earthquake Enthusiasts; I feel as a member of the Society for Earthquake Enthusiasts‚ I need to express my opinion on your ideas to move our headquarters to San Francisco. While I am a lover of California and appreciate California from afar‚ I feel as though we should rethink relocating to California. I feel as though this is the best choice to make due to the fact that the earthquake of 1906 was just only a preview of what the San Andreas Fault can do to San Francisco. Due
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2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami Introduction The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake‚ also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake‚[6][7](Japanese: "Eastern Japan Great Earthquake Disaster" was a magnitude 9.0 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred on Friday‚ 11 March 2011 It was the most powerful known earthquake to have hit Japan‚ and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world overall since modern record-keeping began in 1900. In addition to loss
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name 4/23/12 Earth Science Earthquake essay Earthquakes are a very dangerous natural disaster‚ if strong enough; they could destroy the best-built buildings. They are caused by a sudden shift in the tectonic plates. Earthquakes can also cause other types of disasters too. They could cause tsunamis or volcanic eruptions. However earthquakes erupt unpredictable and can kill many people unpredictable. Seismometers can detect the strength of the earthquake‚ which then gives a number on the Richter
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Earthquake Prediction Earthquakes are one of the most destructive forces known to mankind. An earthquake can have enough power to destroy an entire city and has the potential to be felt 1000 miles away. An earthquake is a series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of the rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating. Earthquakes happen along vault lines like the San Andres Fault. A fault plane is the surface of a fault fracture along which the
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The short answer is that earthquakes are caused by faulting‚ a sudden lateral or vertical movement of rock along a rupture (break) surface. Here’s the longer answer: The surface of the Earth is in continuous slow motion. This is plate tectonics--the motion of immense rigid plates at the surface of the Earth in response to flow of rock within the Earth. The plates cover the entire surface of the globe. Since they are all moving they rub against each other in some places (like the San Andreas
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