Working Paper No. 13902 March 2008‚ September 2008 JEL No. F15‚F21‚F31 ABSTRACT This paper investigates the changing pattern and efficacy of sterilization within emerging market countries as they liberalize markets and integrate with the world economy. We estimate the marginal propensity to sterilize foreign asset accumulation associated with net balance of payments inflows‚ across countries and over time. We find that the extent of sterilization of foreign reserve inflows has risen in recent
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Underground economy The underground economy or black market is a market where all commerce is conducted without regard to taxation‚ law or regulations of trade. The term is also often known as the underdog‚ shadow economy‚ black economy‚ parallel economy or phantom trades. In modern societies the underground economy covers a vast array of activities. It is generally smallest in countries where economic freedom is greatest‚ and becomes progressively larger in those areas where corruption‚ regulation
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Economy of Japan The development of Japan’s economy has started in the Meiji era. The rulers of that age wanted to create a capitalist market economy from the example of America and Britain. Japanese people travelled to abroad to learn while instructors came from the West to Japan to teach. The majority of today’s enterprises have established at that time. Japan has become the most developed country in Asia. Japan had the second largest economy till 2010 but China has overtaken Japan as the world’s
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Economy of Singapore Singapore enjoys a highly developed and successful free-market economy‚ a remarkably open and corruption-free business environment‚ stable prices and one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world. Exports‚ particularly in electronics and chemicals‚ and services provide the main source of revenue for the economy. Singapore is positioning itself as the region’s financial and high-tech center. Singapore’s economic strategy proved a success‚ producing real
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into office. During his presidency his administration failed to design efficient policies and take action to stem guerrilla group activities within the country’s borders. These failures contributed to the country’s economic collapse. After Peru’s economy collapsed a member of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Party (APRA) named Alan Garcia was elected president. Alan Garcia put reforms and an
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planet we call earth. The country is so beautiful that their main source of income is tourism. Jamaica’s economy is extremely dependent on services‚ which is nearly 80% of their GDP. Not only does Jamaica depend severely on outsiders visiting the country but the economy faces challenges in growth of its economy. Problems such as high crime‚ corruption and unemployment is bringing Jamaica’s economy to an all-time low‚ as their debt to GDP ratio is more than 140%. To fix this problem the Jamaican government
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Immigration does not hurt the Economy Since the founding of the U.S. more than 200 years ago‚ people have come here from every country on earth. Whether it be escaping an oppressive government‚ or just to find a general better way of life‚ people immigrate to the United States. Some people say that when an immigrant comes here‚ they are not used to our way of life‚ and therefore throw off our way of life and economy. They say that they cause more harm to the stable‚ tax-paying citizens of the
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taux de chômage‚ l’inflation‚ etc. UAE is a wealthy‚ medium-sized economy located in The Middle East. UAE has a population of 10.41 million people. Its economy is the second largest in the Arab world (after Saudi Arabia)‚ with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $377 billion‚ principally from oil revenues UAE passed Saudi Arabia as the largest consumer market in the region. With imports totaling $273.5 billion. UAE’s economy is predominantly manufacturing-based. Contribution in GDP %
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INDIAN ECONOMY India is today one of the six fastest growing economies of the world. The country ranked fourth in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in 2001. The business and regulatory environment is evolving and moving towards constant -improvement. A highly talented‚ skilled and English-speaking human resource base forms its backbone. The Indian economy has transformed into a vibrant‚ rapidly growing consumer market‚ comprising over 300 million strong middle class with increasing purchasing
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Rouen Business School---IFI 3 Bsc3 -----ZHANG Naixin 1. Why did you choose Asia for doing business with emerging economies? Generally speaking‚ as we know that Asia has become one of the regions whose economy is developing fastest in recent years. This new flow of powerful booming begins to attract lots of global attentions and to occupy more and more world economic market. This fact which cannot be ignored
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