COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity needs trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost‚ scarcity and trade-off are important in our daily life because it affects us
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Why Is A Computer So Powerful? (CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS) 1. Programmability This is the most important feature of any computer. Programmability can be simply defined as the ability of a functional unit to perform certain pre-defined operations or tasks automatically and independently under the control of running program‚ with minimum user intervention or assistance. 2. Speed of operation A computer is a very fast device. It can perform in a few seconds the amount of a work that a human
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Characteristics / Features of a Bank 1. Dealing in Money: A bank is a financial institution which deals with other people’s money i.e. money given by depositors. 2. Acceptance of Deposit: A bank accepts money from the people in the form of deposits which are usually repayable on demand or after the expiry of a fixed period. It gives safety to the deposits of its customers. It also acts as a custodian of funds of its customers. 3. Giving Advances: A bank lends out money in the form of loans to
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Roaring Twenties to refer to the period of 1920s. This period did usher in the birth of a modernized national lifestyle; because Americans who were war-weary did come to value leisure and also convenience over self-denial and leisure. The main characteristics of this new national consumer-based society were; 1. Culture clashes People’s culture was clashed during this period where they had to adopt a new way of doing things. 2. Politics of fear During this period‚ there were immigrants from different
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Cost of Quality (COQ) "The cost of quality." It’s a term that’s widely used – and widely misunderstood. The "cost of quality" isn’t the price of creating a quality product or service. It’s the cost of NOT creating a quality product or service. Every time work is redone‚ the cost of quality increases. Obvious examples include: The reworking of a manufactured item. The retesting of an assembly. The rebuilding of a tool. The correction of a bank statement. The reworking of a service‚ such as
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PGDM12F004‚ Class Serial No- 4. Economics Assignment- Opportunity Cost Lets start with a small introduction to the topic Opportunity Cost. Opportunity cost is the cost of any activity measured in terms of the value of the next best alternative forgone (that is not chosen). It is the sacrifice related to the second best choice available to someone‚ or group‚ who has picked among several mutually exclusive choices. The opportunity cost is also the "cost" (as a lost benefit) of the forgone
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Characteristics of Hamlet In the novel‚ Hamlet Prince of Denmark‚ Hamlet had plenty of time to kill Claudius in revenge of his father King Hamlet. Hamlet procrastinated many times before taking action because he was depressed‚ uncertain‚ and he needed time to prepare for his revenge. Hamlet becomes very depressed when he finds out about his father’s death. In the novel‚ he talks about the first thing that made him sad. “She married O most wicked speed‚ to post which such dexterity to incestuous
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Introduction THE NATIONAL INCOME One of the basic questions facing economics centers on whether the total output of goods and services is growing from year to year or it remains static. This question is very important because countries are keenly interested in the performance of their economy. National income estimates enable countries to calculate the total production of goods and services in a year. The lecture also focuses on the measurement of national income and their problems‚ uses
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Cost Theory in Economics A central economic concept is that getting something requires giving up something else. For example‚ earning more money may require working more hours‚ which costs more leisure time. Economists use cost theory to provide a framework for understanding how individuals and firms allocate resources in such a way that keeps costs low and benefits high. 1. Function * Economists view costs as what an individual or firm must give up to get something else. Opening a
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