DIVIDEND POLICY DETERMINANTS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCES OF STAKEHOLDER THEORY by Mark E. Holder‚ Frederick W. Langrehr‚ J. Lawrence Hexter There is considerable debate on how dividend policy affects firm value. Some researchers believe that dividends increase shareholder wealth (Gordon‚ 1959)‚ others believe that dividends are irrelevant (Miller and Scholes‚ 1978)‚ and still others believe that dividends decrease shareholder wealth (Litzenberger and Ramaswamy‚ 1979). Financial management
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The causes of poor health are complex. A society understanding of the determinants of health has an important influence on the strategies it uses to maintain and improve the health of its population. Examining determinants of health from the perspective of social‚ economic and political circumstances is necessary to assist understanding the variations in the health of modern populations. Every time a government makes an economic or political decision‚ it also affects the lives of many people. The
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BUOYANCY AND ELASTICITY: DETERMINANTS OF LOCAL TAX SYSTEM ’S PERFORMANCE By: Julhusin B. Jalisan Civil servants and priests‚ soldiers and ballet-dancers‚ schoolmasters and police constables‚ Greek museums and Gothic steeples‚ civil list and services listthe common seed within which all these fabulous beings slumber in embryo is taxation. Karl Marx Every citizen‚ whether young or old‚ wealthy or poor‚ property owners or property-less‚ pays taxes to help finance governmental functions
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Australia. There are many social‚ cultural and environmental determinants that influence the prevalence of smoking amongst certain populations. Some of these determinants are outlined below. Throughout the 20th century‚ there were immense pressures upon the expectation that people smoke tobacco. Over time‚ campaigns run by the government have managed to decrease the prevalence of smoking across Australia. However‚ this social determinant still has a great affect on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
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KEY DETERMINANT -- 1. Income and Social Status UNDERLYING PREMISES EVIDENCE Health status improves at each step up the income and social hierarchy. High income determines living conditions such as safe housing and ability to buy sufficient good food. The healthiest populations are those in societies which are prosperous and have an equitable distribution of wealth. Why are higher income and social status associated with better health? If it were just a matter of the poorest and lowest status groups
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Especially for teen drivers? This is a major problem for teens because drunken teenagers are more likely to get in a car crash then an adult drunk driver and drunk driving should not even be done. Many teens are also pressured into drunk driving which again has a high chance in getting into a crash. Statistics from research regarding teen crash rates About 70% of all teens drink alcohol. 60% of all the teen drivers’ car crash was alcohol related. 522 underage drivers under the age of 14 were
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receiving recommendation of preventive vaccine injection and screening tests‚ and seeing a doctor when we are sick‚ these behaviors all have great impact on our health. However‚ social determinants which are mostly responsible for health inequalities are also involved in influencing our state of health partly. Social determinants of health are the general socio-economic‚ cultural and environmental conditions in which people are born‚ grow‚ live‚ learn‚ work and age that influence the current state of health
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introduced in current definitions. In class‚ we learned about five determinants of health: physical environment (air‚ water‚ weather‚ and disasters)‚ built environment (second hand smoke‚ air pollution‚ and contaminated water)‚ social environment (friendships‚ romantic relationships‚ religion‚ race‚ and wealth)‚ health services (access to health care and ACA)‚ individual behavior and genetics (exercise‚ drugs‚ and sleep). An example of a determinant of health was displayed through the digital story A Good
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Social determinants of Health Environmental Housing: Factors related to housing‚ such as overcrowding in housing‚ housing tenure type and homelessness have potential impacts on health. The effects of overcrowding occur in combination with other environmental health factors such as poor water quality and sanitation‚ which are associated with increased risk of infectious diseases such acute rheumatic fever‚ tuberculosis‚ and skin and respiratory infections (Department of Health‚ 2012). High rates
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Liu 1 Chao Liu Dr. Larry Weinstein MBA 7800 10 Sep. 2012 Summary of the determinants of supply chain alliance performance: an empirical study As the market is becoming more and more competitive‚ cooperative alliance between companies is becoming common. There are two explanations of cooperative alliance between suppliers and buyers‚ as the article goes‚ one is the partner firms aiming at acquiring resources including materials‚ skills and information; the other explanation is defined from the goal
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