period 7 Chemistry Rubber Bands and Spontaneity Purpose: The purpose of this activity was to determine if a chemical or a physical change is spontaneous. This activity was also designed to determine if a change is spontaneous by using change in enthalpy and change in entropy with the structure of polymers. Hypothesis: If you heat the rubber band and then streatch it‚ then the rubber band will become shorter meaning it will release eneregy because it is not relaxed and the polymers are disordered
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Assignment: 1 Subject: Physical Chemistry Submitted By: Group Leader: Mauzzmah Shahid 17 Group Members: Asma Fatima: 18 Muhammad Rizwan: 19 Nida Altaf: 20 Muhammad Aareeb: 21 Rohma Kanwal: 23
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Abstract: Enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol was determined by measuring change in temperature and pressure of ethanol using a Vernier temperature probe. By using the ideal gas equation‚ and plugging the slope value from the graph into the Clausius-Claypernon equation‚ enthalpy of vaporization was determined to be 10kJ/mol. The percent error was determined to be 76.0%. Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate vapor pressures and the partial pressure of gas produced from liquids
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P-V-T surface * T-S diagram for a pure substance * h-s diagram for a pure substance Thermodynamic Properties * Characteristics by which physical properties of system may be described. e.g. pressure‚ volume‚ temperature‚ entropy‚ enthalpy etc. * Properties are the coordinates by which state of the system is described. * Any operation in which one or more properties of system may change is called change of state. * Thermodynamic properties are of two types : Extensive
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View (Chemistry) Coursebook 3 Suggested answers |Chapter 25 Simple molecular substances with non-octet |Page Number | |structures and shapes of simple molecules | | |Class Practice |1 | |Chapter Exercise
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pubs.acs.org/joc Mechanism and Regioselectivity of the Osmium-Catalyzed Aminohydroxylation of Olefins Dominik Munz and Thomas Strassner* Physikalische Organische Chemie‚ Technische Universit€t Dresden‚ Mommsenstrasse 13‚ 01062 Dresden‚ a Germany thomas.strassner@chemie.tu-dresden.de Received November 12‚ 2009 The mechanism and regioselectivity of the osmium-catalyzed aminohydroxylation of olefins was investigated in detail by density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) calculations in
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dissolve exothermically in water. The enthalpy change of solution‚ ΔHsoln‚ is the energy change associated with the following reaction. M represents the Group I metal. M +(aq) + OH–(aq) M OH(s) + (aq) The following diagram represents theoretical stages in the formation of aqueous MOH. M +(g) + OH-(g) + (aq) lattice energy hydration enthalpy of the ions H hydration M OH(s) + (aq) H soln M +(aq) + OH-(aq) Lattice energy and hydration enthalpy are both more exothermic when ions
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AIM: The aim of the experiment was to determine the enthalpy (ΔH)‚ entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Rhodamine β-Lactone Equilibrium. To accomplish this‚ a manual spectrophotometer was used to determine the maximum absorbance of a sample of Rhodamine β-Lactone. The absorbance of the sample was then measured over a range of temperatures from which the equilibrium constant (K)‚ enthalpy (ΔH)‚ entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy were then calculated. INTRODUCTION: The xanthene
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Introduction All chemical changes are accompanied by change in energy and this energy is in form of heat. The energy change of a reaction that happens at constant pressure is defined as heat of reaction or enthalpy change and the symbol ∆H is used to denote the enthalpy change. The enthalpy change can be either endothermic or exothermic. In endothermic reaction‚ ∆H > 0‚ meaning heat is absorbed by the system from the surrounding. In exothermic reaction‚ ∆H < 0‚
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52 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 53 I. Structure of Matter (20%) B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic‚ covalent‚ metallic‚ hydrogen bonding‚ van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) c. Polarity of bonds‚ electronegativities 2. Molecular models a. Lewis structures TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic
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