Hydrogen Tartrate Wang Haina 1. Aim 1. To determine the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) at various temperatures from 10°C to 50 °C‚ and determine the corresponding Ksp at these temperatures. 2. To obtain the changes in enthalpy and entropy of the dissolution of KHT from the dependence of Ksp on temperature. 2. Results and discussion 2.1 Collection of data A portion of KHT (1 to 1.5 g) was added into about 100 mL of deionised water to prepare a saturated KHT solution
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CHG 3111 Unit Operation Gas-Liquid Separation Text Book: Chapter 10 Separation Processes Introduction: Many chemical and biological processes occur as a mixtures of different phases‚ gas‚ liquid and solid. To separate or remove one or more of the components from its original mixture‚ it must be contacted with another phase. The two phase pair can be gas-liquid‚ liquid-liquid or liquid-solid. When different phases are brought into contact‚ a solute or solutes can diffuse from on phase to the
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The purposes of these three experiments are to determine the heat capacity of a calorimeter and with that data‚ confirm Hess’s Law and observe enthalpy changes within reactions. By measuring the change in temperature that occurs with the interaction of two different reactants‚ we were able to determine both the calorimeter constant and the change in enthalpy of a given reaction. The results were rather mixed‚ as some numbers more closely resembled the theoretical values than others did. Introduction
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between (n-1)d &ns orbital as a result both (n-1)d &ns electrons take part in bond formation. The highest oxidation state of an element is equal to number of unpaired electrons present in (n-1)d &ns orbital. Transition elements have high enthalpy of atomization/ sublimation Because of large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms‚ they have stronger interatomic interaction and hence strong metallic bonding is present between atoms. Most of transition elements are paramagnetic due
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the molar enthalpy of the NaOH(aq) using the data obtained from this experiment. Show all your work. Answer: Specific heat capacity: 4.19 J/g∙°C 50.0 ml of 1.0 mol/L NAOH Initial temperature: 23.9 °C Final temperature: 32.9 °C Change in temperature: 9 °C Q = mc∆t = (80g)(4.19 J/g∙°C)(9°C) = 3016.8 J or 3.0168 kJ ∆rH = n∆rHm 3.0168 kJ = (0.05 mol) (∆rHm) ∆rHm = 60 kJ/mol (2 marks) 2. The accepted molar enthalpy of neutralization
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Chapter 11 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies Chapter Outline 0. Designing a Set of Relations 1. Properties of Relational Decompositions 2. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema 3. Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form 4. Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 5. Inclusion Dependencies 6. Other Dependencies and Normal Forms DESIGNING A SET OF RELATIONS Goals: Lossless join property (a must) Algorithm 11.1 tests
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THERMODYNAMICS - THEORY A control volume may involve one or more forms of work at the same time. If the boundary of the control volume is stationary‚ the moving boundary work is zero‚ and the work terms involved are shaft work and electric work. Another work form with the fluid is flow work. Flow Work (Flow Energy) A Flow Element Flow Work with Imaginary Piston Click to View Movie (68 kB) Work is needed to push the fluid into or out of the boundaries of a
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Kinetics Kinetics 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.2 Collision theory 6 16.1 Rate Expression (AHL) 16.2 Reaction mechanism (AHL) 16.3 Activation energy (AHL) 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.1.1 Define the term rate of reaction. 6.1.2 Describe suitable experimental procedures for measuring rates of reactions. 6.1.3 Analyse data from rate experiments. © IBO 2007 Figure 601 An explosion is a quick reaction D ifferent chemical reactions occur at different rates (i.e. speeds)
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heat‚ depending on the reacting substances. Calorimetry is the process of measuring the heat flow between a system and its environment. The device used to measure this heat transfer is called a Calorimeter. The measurement of this heat is called the enthalpy of the reaction (∆H). There are two types of calorimeter. The first is a bomb calorimeter where the reaction takes place at constant volume. The other type is the coffee cup calorimeter‚ wherein the pressure is held constant while the reaction
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Assignment Chapter 6 Concept Explorations 6.29. Thermal Interactions Part 1: In an insulated container‚ you mix 200. g of water at 80ºC with 100. g of water at 20ºC. After mixing‚ the temperature of the water is 60ºC. * a. How much did the temperature of the hot water change? How much did the temperature of the cold water change? Compare the magnitudes (positive values) of these changes. 200g of water at 80°C = hot water 100g of water at 20˚C = cold water After mixing the temperature is
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