Question: With the aid of specific examples‚ describe the concept of a hierarchy of biological organization. What is meant by the phrase “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?” Answer: In an attempt to appreciate the world from a biological view of molecules‚ cells‚ and atoms; the study in which these properties build upon each other‚ called emergent properties‚ aid in understanding the human body and other life forms and the functions that nonliving matter contribute that assist
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Chapter 26 Multiple Fxns of Kidneys in Homeostasis 1. Excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals 2. Regulation of Water and electrolyte balance 3. Regulation of Arterial pressure --long term: excreting variable amounts of sodium and water --short term: secreting vasoactive factors or substances such as rennin 4. Regulation of Acid-Base balance --the only means of eliminating sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid 5. Regulation of Erythrocyte Production
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century BC Chinese texts describe Tsin Yue-Jen‚ a surgeon who switches the hearts of two people. This is the first documentation of a human transplant. In 1878‚ the first bone to bone transplant took place. In 1909‚ the first recorded animal to human kidney transplant took place. The animal that was used was a rabbit. This was a huge success but the patient died two weeks later. In the 2000 more than 300‚000 Americans are on dialysis‚ and most of them could benefit from transplants if organs were available
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digestive system is the main source of water gains; a small amount of extra water is generated by metabolic activity. With electrolyte balance‚ it involves balancing the amounts of absorption across the digestive tract with amounts of loss at the kidneys. Everyday our body fluids gain electrolytes from drinks or foods we take in‚ and in turn‚ loose them through urinating‚ sweating and defecating. “If the gains and losses for every electrolyte are in balance‚ you are said to be in electrolyte balance
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turns out fatty. Alcohol results in an increase in the fibrous tissue that prevents the blood to reach the cells in the liver. All this result the liver to die because it doesn’t get appropriate amount of blood to survive. * Kidneys: Alcohol can damage the kidneys too. * Stomach: Alcohol use causes irritation in the stomach by increasing the amount of the HCl that result in damaging the lining of the stomach. * Heart: Drinking alcohol every day weakens the muscles of the heart
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digestive system is affected as well. Besides experiencing constant hunger pangs‚ constipation or bloating may occur. The stomach may shrink in size‚ making the reintroduction of food troublesome. The kidneys are not immune either. Further effects of anorexia nervosa may include kidneys stones and even kidney failure. Sub Point B) Ending result. After not eating for a certain amount of time your body would start to experience hallucinations‚ convulsions‚ muscle spasms‚ and irregular heart beat. Your body
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Fluid and Electrolytes Imbalances Fluid Compartments: * Extracellular Fluid (ECF) – This is fluid found outside of the cells and the amount of ECF decreases with age. In the newborn for example‚ approximately ½ of the body fluid is contained in the ECF. By the time the infant has reached one year old; the ECF has decreased to approximately 1/3 of the total volume. In an average 70 kg adult the ECF is approximately 15 liters of total volume. ECF can further be divided into the following:
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How is the tissue of the kidneys structurally modified to aid in filtration? It has tubules and is porous B. What is important functionally about transitional epithelium? It allows for stretching. Transitional epithelium contains cells that are flattened and cells that are cuboidal; hence the name "transitional". You can find transitional epithelium in the bladder and in the first expansion of the ureters as they leave the kidneys (called a calyx). C. What is the function
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Nursing 120 Study Guide Urinary Elimination 1) Kidneys – The left kidney is higher than the right kidney due to the position of the liver. Filters waste products of metabolism that collect in the blood. They remove waste from the blood to form urine. The kidneys maintain balance between retention and excretion of fluids ( play key role in fluid and electrolyte balance). The normal adult urine output is 1200 to 1500 ml/ day. An output less than 30 ml/hr indicates possible circulatory‚ blood volume
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and solute concentration • Kidneys are major excretory organs o Like a city’s water treatment plant! • Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine • Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder • Urethra transports urine out of the body • How does the urinary system control pH? o Regulation of plasma hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The kidneys partner up with the lungs and they together
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