Analysis of Commercial Bleach AP Chemistry Introduction: Many commercial products are effective because they contain oxidizing agents. Some products that contain oxidizing agents are bleaches‚ hair coloring agents‚ scouring powders‚ and toilet bowl cleaners. The most common oxidizing agent in bleaches is sodium hypochlorite‚ NaClO (sometimes written NaOCl). Commercial bleaches are created by bubbling chlorine gas into a sodium hydroxide solution (remember this from your “funky redox rxns”?)
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edges were a turquoise color while the middle was still blue/green. Under black paper and good lighting the blue stood out more.| F.|NaOCl + KI|A7|The mixture remained a clear color. No significant change after adding starch and under black and white paper. | | with 1 drop of starch||After a while the clear color fogged a bit but not significantly. | G.|KI + Pb(NO3)2|A8|A thick bright yellow gradually took over the mixture. Under white paper the mixture appears thick almost yolk like. Under black
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INTRODUCTION Background Pioneer Petroleum was founded in 1924‚ through a merger within industrial‚ pipeline transportation‚ and refining fields. PP has evolved over the last 60 years into a company that now also works with agricultural chemicals‚ plastics‚ and real estate development concentrating in gas‚ oil‚ petrochemicals‚ and coal. In 1990‚ PP improved their coker and sulfur recovery facility to make their refining process more efficient and in turn has become one of the lowest cost refiners
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Analysis of Commercial Bleach Lab I. Purpose In this experiment‚ the amount of sodium hypochlorite in a commercial bleach will be determined by reacting it with sodium thiosulfate in the presence of iodide ions and starch. A solution of sodium thiosulfate of known concentration will be added to the bleach using a buret in a titration procedure. The disappearance of the dark blue color of the starch-iodine complex will signal the end point. II. Procedures Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is
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involves some important laboratory techniques‚ when carrying out a synthesis reaction. When solutions of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate are mixed together crystals of lead iodide are formed according to the following chemical equation: 2 KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) → PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq) Procedure: Lead compounds are toxic. If you get any of the solution or solid on your hands‚ wash your hands immediately. Clean
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solution. Hypothesis: If the halide ions react‚ then the production of precipitate and complex ions will be recognizable. Materials: * * 24-well microplate * AgNO3‚ 0.1 M * Ca(NO3)2‚ 0.5 M * Gloves * KBr‚ 0.2 M * KI‚ 0.2 M * Lab apron * Na2S2O3‚ 0.2 M * NaCl‚ 0.1 M * NaF‚ 0.1 M * NaOCl (commercial bleach)‚ 5% * NH3(aq)‚ 4 M * Safety goggles * Starch solution‚ 3% * Thin-stemmed pipets (12) Procedure: 1.) Put on safety goggles
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immediately after contact. Homogeneous| E.|Blue dye + NaOCl||Stays blue. Homogeneous| | with the 1 drop of HCl||Mixes and turns a bluish green color. Homogeneous| F.|NaOCl + KI||Slightly yellowish tint to the solution. Homogeneous| | with 1 drop of starch||Turned the slim yellow into a slight brown tint. Homogeneous| G.|KI + Pb(NO3)2||Turns yellow immediately after contact with little yellow powdery chunks. Heterogeneous| H.|NaOH + phenolphthalein||Turns a dark pink/purple and expands. Homogeneous|
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prepared directly by dissolving iodine in water because iodine is too volatile so it is almost impossible to avoid loss while the solution is being prepared. Therefore iodine is prepared in situ by mixing pure potassium iodate (KIO3 ) and potassium iodide (KI) in acidified medium. IO3- + 5I- + 6H+ → 3I2 + 3H2O The excess iodine that has not reacted with ascorbic acid in fruit juices (vitamin C) is then back titrated by standardized sodium thiosulphate solution. Iodine can be decolourized
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and Discussion Principle behind the experimental design Results are tabulated and with table number and title Graph‚ Drawings (Figure # and Title) Conclusion Recommendation Experimental 1.0 A. Reagents - Anhydrous ZnCl2 - 6M H2SO4 - 10% KI - 6M NaOH - 10% K2Cr2O7 - conc. HCl - DNPH reagent (potential carcinogen!) - unknown sample B. Materials - Small test tube - Hot Plate - 250 mL beaker - Pasteur Pipettes 2.0 Procedures Chemical Analysis was done for
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toys. It was unfortunate for the workers‚ but OAC had to make a decision because they could not find a better way to stay completive and lower cost. Assuming that the NYT reporting was accurate‚ is it ethical for the OAC to continue working with Kin Ki? Yes‚ I believe the only way for OAC to keep working with the company is to make sure the
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