Experiment 1: "A cis to trans conversion" Saturday‚ June 25‚ 2005 4:19 PM Notes on Theory • Alkenes o They are hydrocarbons with a C=C double bond • Double bonds are stronger and more reactive than single bonds o Hydrocarbons with double bonds used to be known as "olefins"‚ because they had an oily appearance • "Oleum" means oil • "Ficare" means make • Isomers o Geometric isomers have the same molecular formula‚ but a different geometric arrangement • They also have different physical properties
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the activation enthalpy of the reaction by finding the rate of reaction at different temperatures using the Arrhenius Equation. The experiment will go as follows: Into a conical flask put 15cm3 of distilled water and add 2cm3 of [X]moldm-3 potassium iodide (KI) solution and 1cm3 of 2moldm-3 sulphuric acid. Then add to this 2.5cm3 of 5vol (0.42moldm-3) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the second part of my investigation‚ the KI solution will remain a constant 0.3moldm-3 and the H2O2 solution
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Objective 1. To determine how the concentration of a species can affect reaction rate in the determination of rate law and rate constant. 2. To determine how temperature affects reaction rate. Introduction Chemical kinetics deals with the speed‚ or rate‚ of a reaction and the mechanism by which the reaction occurs. We can think of the rate as the number of events per unit time. The rate at which you drive (your speed) is the number of miles you drive in an hour (mi/hr). For a chemical reaction
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Kinetics Kinetics 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.2 Collision theory 6 16.1 Rate Expression (AHL) 16.2 Reaction mechanism (AHL) 16.3 Activation energy (AHL) 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.1.1 Define the term rate of reaction. 6.1.2 Describe suitable experimental procedures for measuring rates of reactions. 6.1.3 Analyse data from rate experiments. © IBO 2007 Figure 601 An explosion is a quick reaction D ifferent chemical reactions occur at different rates (i.e. speeds)
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Process Conditions • Physical Property Models and Data • Chemistry/Kinetics • Key Parameters • Selected Simulation Results: Blocks Streams • References PEP Process Module 1 19 Aug 1999 SRI Consulting Process Summary This Aspen Plus model simulates the production of acetic acid by low pressure methanol carbonylation in the presence of a heterogeneous rhodium (Rh) catalyst and the promoter methyl iodide. It is intended to resemble the Chiyoda/UOP Acetica™ process‚ a novel
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rocks Acetic Acid Looks like a clear liquid Solution of Sodium Thiosulfate Looks like a clear liquid Granular Zinc Looks like shredded pieces of silver Iodine Crystals Looks like small silver balls Zinc Ion and Iodine-Iodide-Triiodide ion in water Looks like a brown liquid Solid Zinc Iodide Looks like a white powder Mineral Oil Looks like a clear liquid Silver Nitrate Looks like a clear liquid Magnesium Turnings Looks like a small silver curved figure 3M Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) Solution
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a unit for measuring pressure Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023 volume of 1 mol of any gas at STP = 22.4 L Ion- atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge Anion- negatively charged ion Cation- positively charged ion Molecules- small‚ electrically neutral “units”; maintain the properties of that substance Formula unit- the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound Products are on the right side of the yield sign Reactants are on the left side of the
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manganate(VII). If a solution of potassium manganate(VII) is placed in a test tube and a light green solution of iron(II) chloride is added to the test tube‚ the purple colour of the manganate(VII) ions disappears. The manganate(VII) oxidises the iron(II) chloride to iron(III) chloride and colourless Mn2+ ions are formed. Potassium manganate(VII) and iron(II) chloride Acidified potassium manganate(VII) is a strong oxidising agent so it can be used to oxidise substances. If a reaction occurs a colour
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molecular form (Cl2) to the hypochlorite ion‚ ClO-. Some of the molecular form is also reduced to the chloride ion‚ Cl-. This type of reaction‚ where the same type of element is both oxidized and reduced‚ is called a disproportionation reaction. The solution remains strongly basic. The net
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halogens and halide Ions Test for halogen Test method Test observations Test chemistry and comments Chlorine gas Cl2 A pungent green gas. (i) Apply damp blue litmus. (Can use red litmus and just see bleaching effect.) (ii) A drop silver nitrate on the end of a glass rod into the gas. (i) litmus turns red and then is bleached white. (ii) White precipitate. (i) Non-metal‚ is acid in aqueous solution and a powerful oxidising agent (ii) It forms a small amount of chloride ion in water‚ so gives
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