chlorine is oxidized to the hypochlorite ion‚ ClO- and some is reduced to the chloride ion‚ Cl- (a disproportionation reaction). The solution remains strongly basic. The chemical equation for the process is: Cl2(g) + 2OH- (aq) ---> ClO- (aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O (l) The amount of hypochlorite ion present in a solution of bleach can be determined by oxidation-reduction titration. One of the best methods is the iodine-thiosulfate titration procedure. Iodide ion‚ I-‚ is easily oxidized by almost any oxidizing
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occur all while utilizing an analytical tool. Procedure 1. Determination of Reaction Rates • Obtain boiled‚ deionized water‚ pipets or burets‚ and 20-mL beakers or 150 mm test tubes in order to mix solutions for 8 kinetic trials. • Make sure to measure the volumes of potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate with pipets before adding them to the test tubes or the beakers. • For Trial #4‚ acquire
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For example‚ adults need about 150 micrograms of iodine in the form of iodide ion per day. However‚ an insufficient supply of iodide via diet and drinking water causes the non-cancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter. Prolonged lack of iodide can lead to loss of thyroid function and the birth defect known as cretinism‚ which has been recognized since the Middle Ages. Iodide ion‚ in the form of potassium iodide‚ may be added to table salt to produce "iodized salt" in order to easily
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determine the amount of hypochlorite ion present in commercial bleach. Introduction Many commercial products‚ such as bleaches and hair coloring agents‚ contain oxidizing agents. The most common oxidizing agent in bleaches is sodium hypochlorite‚ NaClO (sometimes written NaOCl). Commercial bleaches are made by bubbling chlorine gas into a sodium hydroxide solution. Some of the chlorine is oxidized to the hypochlorite ion‚ ClO-‚ and some is reduced to the chloride ion‚ Cl-. The solution remains strongly
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Questions 1. The charge on an iodide ion is -1. It is determined by the formula for potassium iodide in which neither element has subscripts. This signifies that they have equal amount charges and cancel each other out. The charge of the lead ion is +2‚ as shown on the periodic
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the effect of varying the concentration of iodide ions on the rate of reaction between hydrogen peroxide and an acidified solution of potassium iodide: H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I⁻ → 2H2O(l) + I2(aq) The course of this reaction can be followed by carrying it out in the presence of small quantities of starch and sodium thiosulfate solutions. As the iodine molecules are produced they immediately react with the thiosulfate ions and are converted back to iodide ions: I2(aq) + 2S2O32⁻(aq) → 2I⁻(aq) + S4O62⁻(aq)
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1210 Laboratory Manual. Vol. 2013-2014. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil. 32-35. Data/Results: Part A: In the potassium iodide solution‚ I think there were potassium atoms as well as iodine atoms. In the lead nitrate solution‚ I think there were lead and nitrate ions. The potassium atoms and the lead atoms can be classified as cations‚ since they are metals. The iodine atoms and the nitrate ion can be classified as anions since they are nonmetals. Upon mixing‚ the solution turned into a cloudy yellow color
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Using the Iodine clock method to find the order of a reaction Introduction When peroxodisulfate (VI) ions and iodide ions react together in solution they form sulfate (VI) ions and iodide. This reaction is shown below: S2O82-aq+ 2I-aq SO42-aq+ I2(aq) The reactants and the sulfate (VI) ions are colourless however the Iodine is a yellow/brown colour. This allows you to measure the progress of the reaction through the colour change when the iodine is produced. In order to determine the order of
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and the importance of the electron in the formation of these new bonds. Materials Boileezers (boiling chips) Desiccant 0.17M acetic acid (acidified water) Solution of Sodium thiosulfate Granular zinc Iodine crystals Zinc ion and iodine-iodide-triiodide ion in water Solid zinc iodide Mineral oil Silver nitrate Magnesium turnings 3M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution 2 boiling tubes 1 large tube (we used a small) Pipet Beakers (to hold tubes) Bunsen burner PART 1 Procedure Get a boiling tube and label
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Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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