traders and the people of Benin‚ leading to Portuguese figures depicted in Benin art and furthermore our understanding of cross-cultural encounters in general The plaque under consideration (plate 3.9.1) is of three forward facing warriors‚ dressed in only a lower robe‚ wearing hats sporting flaps at either side‚ looking intently at the viewer. They are carrying either bronze manillas or bracelets conveying the Portuguese trading with them or even the importance of the Benin warrior. They are placed
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with the Portuguese traders who revered the Benin people‚ if you look closely at the way that it has been written‚ the biased opinion towards the European community is quite unfounded. The Europeans had little knowledge of the Western African people; they heard stories of sacrifice cannibalism‚ slavery and the worship of fetishes a savage race. These stories would be reflected in the articles and publications that would be written about the people of Benin‚ a powerful kingdom on the West African Coast
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Now that the poem is well understood‚ there is a need to analyse the painting as well. Wiley‚ the artist of the piece “Napoleon Leading the Army over the Alps”‚ is a contemporary artist who paints African Americans from all over the world‚ often in relation to aristocratic or noblemen paintings of the Classical European period. His models are often from the streets of New York City and are painted in their everyday clothes‚ or whatever they’re just wearing. This process of randomly selecting people
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new vice-consul for the Benin river section Captain Henry Gallwey visited Benin and signed a treaty which made Benin a British protectorate‚ but as far as the British were concerned the treaty proved disappointing and by 1896 many British traders and officials were calling for military intervention‚ although the foreign office seemed reluctant to do this. On January 2nd 1897 the acting consul-general of the protectorate James Phillips set off without permission for Benin accompanied by a large armed
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actions in Benin. The British culture‚ as raised in the text‚ was one of fairness and playing a straight bat. We see this in the text “…the white man landed with plenty of boys‚ but they had no guns or arms to fight with.” The interpretation being that the British had come in peace‚ without bearing arms. However another interpretation could be that even though they did not carry arms‚ they had come in great numbers as a show of force. The text also interprets the Benin natives as
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fine luxury items in bronze‚ ivory‚ gold and terracotta for both local use and trade. African society was based on a hierarchy. They had a wide variety of political arrangements including kingdoms‚ city-states and other organisations‚ each with their own languages and culture. Chief’s or King’s held the highest position in society they maintained peace and order‚ assigned jobs‚ collected tax and led wars to protect their tribes. The empire of Songhai and the kingdoms of Mali‚ Benin and Kongo were large
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The fall of the Songhay Empire starts chapter thirteen. The height of power was under Askiya Muhammad Ture‚ during the 16th century. Towards the late 16th century the royal power weakened‚ because of short reigns and dynastic disputes. This caused growth of rivals‚ which drew off trade from Songhay domination‚ gold from Akan forest to go to Europeans coast‚ and no external threat visible. The Moroccan invasion also contributed to the fall of Songhay. The Moroccan motive was to control and revive
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Africa Before European Arrival People of the early African kingdoms were able to create successful trade routes with Europe and Asia‚ become very wealthy from conquering and gaining land‚ and were able to have a strong central government. All of this was done before the Europeans had reached Africa. Trade flourished on the East African coast‚ especially when trading was established with India and Arabia. African kingdoms were prosperous‚ because of their success with not only trading but also
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|r| |Kainji Dam excavations revealed ironworking by the 2nd century BC. The transition from Neolithic times to the Iron |i| |Age apparently was achieved without intermediate bronze production. Others suggest the technology moved west from the|c| |Nile Valley‚ although the Iron Age in the Niger River valley and the forest region appears to predate the |k| |introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than
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Atlantic Ocean. He also promoted religious freedom. (Document 4) Hausa sculptures were thought of as wonderful because of all the different materials used to make them. A Hausa artisan used clay‚ wax‚ copper‚ zinc‚ and led to make a bronze sculpture. The bronzes of Benin were created using a lost-wax technique. In this technique an object was sculpted in wax‚ then covered in clay and baked. The wax was then filled with molten metal. Artists often portrayed warriors or
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