CHAPTER 14 LECTURE NOTES: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY I. General Info A. Landmarks in modern genetics 1. Rediscovery of Mendel’s work 2. Chromosomal theory of inheritance 3. DNA as the genetic material 4. Recombinant DNA technology development and applications B. Recombinant DNA refers to the creation of new combinations of DNA segments that are not found together in nature. The isolation and manipulation of genes allows for more precise genetic analysis as well as practical applications
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responsible for transformation is not affected by protein-destroying enzymes. The activity is stopped‚ however‚ by a DNA-destroying enzyme. Thus‚ almost 100 years after Mendel’s experiments‚ Oswald Avery and his co-workers demonstrated that DNA is the material responsible for transformation. Viral Genes and DNA In 1952‚ Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used the bacteriophage T2 to prove that DNA carried genetic material. A bacteriophage‚ also referred to as phage‚ is a virus that infects bacteria. When
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investigated the amount of DNA extracted from strawberries. This was done by using the independent variable of alcohol to affect the dependant variable of the amount of DNA extracted. This was done to find out if primary or secondary alcohol would create more DNA precipitate than the other. For this the primary alcohols used were; methanol and ethanol‚ and the secondary alcohol was; isopropyl. Of this the secondary alcohol‚ isopropyl was discovered to be the most effect alcohol to make DNA precipitate‚ as it
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polymeric molecule (DNA) the chemical basis of heredity Organized into genes units of DNA that encodes a protein or DNA Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Gene Expression & DNA Replication “The genetic information stored in the nucleotide sequence of DNA serves two purposes.” Source of information for synthesis of protein molecules of the cell GENE EXPRESSION Provides information inherited by daughter cells or offsprings DNA REPLICATION Gene Expression vs DNA Replication GENE
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Fritsch EF‚ Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual‚ 2nd ed.‚ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory‚ Cold Spring Harbor‚ N.Y.‚ 1989. Basic Tools for DNA Manipulation and Molecular Genetic Analysis Enzymes Vectors Gel Electrophoresis PCR Southern blotting Gel Electrophoresis Gel is a complex net work of polymeric molecules Both DNA and RNA are negatively charged owing to phosphate backbone Nucleic acids migrate in a gel toward anode (+) at a rate that is inversely proportional to the log10
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1a: Nucleic acids Our class on DNA is divided into 3 parts: (I) Genetics (II) DNA structure (III) Concepts and applications. I. Genetics: In the primordial period‚ simple molecules were formed from atoms and from these molecules‚ macromolecules were formed. These macromolecules formed life and all living organisms. The classical genetic and heredity observations in the 19th century started the search for the origin of life. The transforming principle of DNA was demonstrated from the experiment
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at the DNA sequence level. The principle behind the technology rests on the possibility of comparing band profiles generated after restriction enzyme digestion in DNA molecules of different individuals. Diverse mutations that might have occurred affect DNA molecules in different ways‚ producing fragments of variable lengths. These differences in fragment lengths can be seen after gel electrophoresis‚ hybridisation and visualisation. Isolating DNA Isolating DNA is the first step for many DNA-based
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Wheat Germ DNA Isolation Darius Xavier Johnson 4/4/2014 Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate the DNA of wheat germ cells and to analyze that DNA for absorption rates when denatured and annealed. Reagent Table: Reagent Molecular Weight (g/mole) Boiling Point (°C) MeltingPoint (°C) Density Hazards NaCl 58.44 1413 801 2.165 g/ml Skin and eye irritant Inhalation Ethanol 46.07 78.5 -114.1 1.59 g/ml Skin and eye irritant Introduction: Chromatin
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heat-killed S cells with living R cells. | Avery‚ McCarty‚ and MacLeod | First to show that DNA was the genetic material‚ but not believed. Repeated Griffith’s experiment‚ but subjected the strains to different enzymes‚ isolating RNA‚ DNA‚ lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ and proteins. Only the DNA killed the mice; the others had the mice survive. | Hershey and Chase | Used T4 bacteriophages in radioactive phosphorus to track DNA and radioactive sulfur to track proteins to determine what is the transformational material
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Alana Corona period: Question Can you extract a DNA from a strawberry‚ if so will you be able to see the DNA without using a microscope? Purpose My purpose is to see if the DNA from a strawberry can be extracted by using house hold chemicals. Research All living things come with instructions stored in their DNA‚ short for deoxyribonucleic acid. Whether you are a human‚ rat‚ tomato‚ or bacteria‚ each cell will have DNA inside of it. DNA is the blueprint for everything that happens inside
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