Nosich’s “The Elements of Reasoning” and Elder’s “The Standards for Thinking” both focus on various techniques people can adopt to become better critical thinkers. According to Nosich‚ two conditions must exist to be considered critical thinking: the thinking must be reflective and it must meet high standards. These two conditions lead us into the eights elements of reasoning presented in the readings. The first element focused on is “Purpose‚” which includes objectives‚ goals‚ your desired outcome
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Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning happens when a researcher works from the more general information to the more specific. Sometimes this is called the “top-down” approach because the researcher starts at the top with a very broad spectrum of information and they work their way down to a specific conclusion. For instance‚ a researcher might begin with a theory about his or her topic of interest. From there‚ he or she would narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that can be tested. The
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Ethical Reasoning In ethical reasoning‚ the Trolley Problem is an excellent example of what most people find to be ethical and unethical. Unfortunately‚ there is really no right answer. However‚ the most common answers to the two Trolley Scenarios are: it is ethical to pull the lever‚ but it is unethical to push the very large person. In the scenario of having to pull the level and kill one person verses killing five people‚ most people’s reaction is to pull the level. This was also my reaction
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REASONING AND INTERPRETATION – Practice questions 1. Understanding the ecological mechanism that causes extinction is fundamental to conservation as not all organisms are threatened by the same factors. A total of 1012 threatened bird species in 95 families were studied to see how they were threatened by different factors: · habitat loss · persecution by humans and introduced predators · other factors (introduced competitors‚ hybridization and disease) and unknown risk factors. Scientists investigated
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social‚ cognitive and moral skills develop in stages 1. Psychosocial – Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is most widely used. At each stage‚ children confront a crisis that requires the integration of personal needs and skills with social and cultural expectations. Each stage has two possible components‚ favorable and unfavorable. 2. Psychosexual – Sigmund Freud considered sexual instincts to be significant in the development of personality. At each stage‚ regions of the body
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Moral Development According to Life Span (2006)‚ moral development requires a complex interweaving of emotions‚ cognitions‚ and behaviors (Broderick & Blewitt‚ 2006‚ p. 221). There are two major theories of moral development: Piaget ’s and Kohlberg ’s. These two are similar in that they are both stage theories related to cognitive development‚ but Kohlberg sees moral development as a more complex and longer process than Piaget ’s theory. Piaget ’s two-stage model proposes a premoral period where
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Legal Reasoning is a reasonable reasoning before the decision had been made. Legal reasoning required us to consider the criteria beyond those imposed by the strict necessity of logic. It has followed certain criteria or rules which applied in practical reasoning. For an example‚ a judge has to give judgment by following the precedent case and Federal Constitution‚ legislators have to predict the impact of their laws before amendment whereby following the two-third majority of Parliament and lawyers
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Differentiating Reasoning Kayleen Watson CRT/205 Fredja Trujillo 01 Oct 13 Differentiating Reasoning The two articles I chose from Week 2 were Article One: Charter Schools Are Superior to Public Schools and Article Four: Social Networking Sites Cannot Be Blamed for Bullying. For this week in article one I believe that the author used inductive reasoning. Inductive Reasoning can be defined as broad generalizations from specific observations. So in inductive reasoning even if the
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Types of Reasoning Reasoning is the process of inferring conclusions from premises. The premises may be in the form of any of the various types of evidence; they may be stated as propositions; or they may be statements of conclusions reached through prior reasoning. Thus advocates use the premises they have previously established or asserted‚ and by a process of reasoning‚ they try to establish something new—a conclusion they want their audience to accept. If the audience perceives the premises
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An example of inductive reasoning would be Erik leaves for school at 7:30 am Erik is always on time. Erik assumes‚ then‚ that he will always be on time. The premise of this example is that Erik likes to be on time. The conclusion is that Erik likes to be on time and can be late no matter what in his mind. It is inductive reasoning because he predicts when he should be there based of one initial time. Another example of inductive reasoning would be that if lee is an excellent swimmer. lee has a swimming
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