managers and whether they should join the joint venture or not. Profit maximisation Profit maximisation is the process by which a firm determines the price and output level that returns the greatest profit. There are several approaches to this problem. The total revenue - total cost method relies on the fact that profit equals revenue minus cost‚ and the marginal revenue - marginal cost method is based on the fact that total profit in a perfectly competitive market reaches its maximum point where
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CHAPTER 5 STRATEGIC CAPACITY PLANNING FOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES KEY IDEAS 1. Definition of Capacity. Capacity is the upper limit or ceiling on the load that an operating system can handle. Essentially‚ it is the upper limit on output. Strategically‚ capacity and financial decisions are made first‚ followed by decisions on location of the facility‚ design of the product‚ layout and work systems. 2. Expressing Capacity. If products are similar enough‚ capacity is measured in common units
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ABC Costing Activity-based costing (ABC) is a special costing model that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity with resources to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. This model assigns more indirect costs (overhead) into direct costs compared to conventional costing models. Aims of model With ABC‚ an organization can soundly estimate the cost elements of entire products and services. That may prepare decisions on
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Profit Maximization Marginal revenue is the change in revenue which comes from the sale of an additional unit of output. The relationship with total revenue is that total revenue is used in the formula to calculate marginal revenue. A company can calculate marginal revenue by dividing the change in total revenue with the change in output quantity. Because of demand‚ as production quantity increases the revenue per unit will decrease. On the other hand‚ marginal cost is the change in the total
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Background Facts Paul Simard has accepted the position as the plant manager of Jonquiere plant in Ancol Ltd. In order to strengthen relations between management and employees‚ Paul decided to remove all time clocks from the plant. Instead‚ the plant would assume that employees had put in their full shift. Two months later‚ however‚ the absenteeism started to appear. Problems All of problems resulted from the removal of the time clocks were that the increased absenteeism levels were beginning to
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Comparing Not-For- Profit and For Profit Colleges Colleges and university have slowly become one of the stepping stones into the working world today. People go to colleges for higher education with the intention of earning degrees in which they can use in their respective fields. Some example degrees that people pursue are Medical‚ Law‚ Business‚ Accounting‚ and Science Degrees. Through the years the idea of college was that it was optional and it was a door for better life and job. However in
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Activity Based Costing can be defined as an accounting methodology that assigns costs to activities based on their use of resources‚ rather than products or services. This enables resources and other associated costs to be more accurately attributed to the products and the services which they use. It doesn’t change or eliminate any costs; it provides detailed information about how costs are consumed. (Online manager-net.com). Traditional cost accounting looks at what is spent‚ while ABC methods
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organizations: profit‚ non-profit and government based organizations. This paper will discuss the differences between profit and non-profit organization and the weaknesses and strengths that each of the organization has. The University of Michigan will be used because it is a prime example of a non-profit organization and its services and the center for spinal surgery hospital will be discussed as a for-profit hospital. Body The University of Michigan’s health system is a non-profit organization
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* Standard Costing Introduction Cost figures‚ in general‚ can be divided into two broad categories. They are Historical Costs and Standard Costs. Historical costs are available‚ after they are incurred. Such cost figures may have some value‚ once they are analysed. By analysis‚ the inefficiencies and deficiencies in production may be detected. However‚ the damage would have occurred‚ by the time the analysis under Historical costs is made. Analysis can be done only after the completion of the
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2) Explain why a profit maximizing firm produces the output that equates marginal revenues to marginal costs (MR=MC). In a perfectly competitive market‚ producers are price-takers and consumers are price-takers. There are many producers‚ none having a large market share and the industry produces a standardized product‚ also free entry and exit of the industry. They produce using the optimal output rule: produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost as Smith (1904) demonstrated. Figure
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