Marginal Costing is ascertainment of the marginal cost which varies directly with the volume of production by differentiating between fixed costs and variable costs andfinally ascertaining its effect on profit. The basic assumptions made by marginal costing are following: - Total variable cost is directly proportion to the level of activity. However‚ variable cost per unit remains constant at all the levels of activities. - Per unit selling price remains constant at all levels of activities. - All
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Chapter 3 Systems Design: Job-Order Costing Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs Process Costing Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Job-order Costing Many different products are produced each period. Many different products are produced each period. Products are manufactured to order. Products are manufactured to order. Cost are traced or allocated to jobs. Cost are traced or allocated to jobs. Cost records must be maintained for each distinct Cost records must be maintained for
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Product costing systems in modern manufacturing organisations Product costing refers to the process of assigning shared direct and indirect costs to individual products‚ customers‚ branches or other cost items. (USAID‚ 2007) Product costing is also referred to as assigning costs to inventory and production based on the expenses that go into producing or buying inventory. It is an important process for manufacturers that helps improves management information on products and helps managers and the
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Absorption and marginal costing (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 3: Management Accounting) Li Tak Ming‚ Andy Deputy Head‚ Department of Business Administration‚ Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Kwai Chung) Introduction Absorption costing and marginal costing are alternative cost accumulation systems used to ascertain product or job costs for inventory valuation and cost of sales. Absorption costing Absorption costing includes both variable and fixed production costs in the
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Kalpana Dixit @hotmail.com Psychological Basis of Mobile Learning and Activity Based Approach Abstract: Mobile technologies are a familiar part of the lives of most teachers and students In the world today. At the present time‚ however‚ the models for using and developing mobile applications for learning are somewhat lacking. It moves away from the dominant view of mobile learning as an isolated activity to explore mobile learning as a rich‚ collaborative and conversational experience
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VARIABLE COSTING Learning Objectives 1. Explain the accounting treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead under absorption and variable costing. 2. Prepare an income statement under absorption costing. 3. Prepare an income statement under variable costing. 4. Reconcile reported income under absorption and variable costing. 5. Explain the implications of absorption and variable costing for cost-volume-profit analysis. 6. Evaluate absorption and variable costing. 7
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Process costing is used for homogenous products (continuous flow processes such as producing cans of soda). Job-order costing is used in situations where the organization offers many different products or services‚ such as in furniture manufacturing‚ hospitals‚ and legal firms. Process costing is used where units of product are homogeneous‚ such as in flour milling or cement production. The purpose of a job order cost accounting system is to assign and accumulate costs for each job‚ i.e
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Costing Methods Paper Yolanda Jones ACC/561 James Sullivan November 3‚ 2014 Costing Methods Paper Variable and absorption costing methods are two different costing methods. Almost all successful companies in the world use both methods. Variable costing and absorption costing cannot be substituted for one another because both the systems have their own benefits and limitations (Accounting for management). This paper will complete and discuss exercise 19-17 in Wiley Plus: it will discuss the following
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC COSTING IN BULK DRUG AND R&D DEPARTMENT OF A PHARMA INDUSTRY Submitted By KAUSTUBH NIJASURE Under the guidance of Prof. P.M. Nayak A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PART COMPLETITION OF MMS TO THE Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology Wadala (East)‚ Mumbai 400 031 JULY 14th‚ 2008 Executive summary: Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. has following divisions: 1. Bulk Drug 2. Formulations 3. Research and Development 4. Clinical Research
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profits reported under variable and absorption costing differ? How can we reconcile the profits reported under the two approaches? Profits reported under variable and absorption costing will differ when inventory increases or decreases during the year. The difference involves the timing with which fixed manufacturing overhead becomes an expense. Under variable costing‚ fixed overhead is expensed immediately as it is incurred. Under absorption costing‚ fixed overhead is inventoried until the manufactured
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