Experiment 11.1 Conversion of t-Amyl Alcohol to t-Amyl Chloride Using HCL October 27‚ 2011 Purpose: Alkyl halides can be prepared from alcohols by reacting them with a hydrogen halide‚ HX (X = Cl‚ Br‚ or I). The mechanisms of acid-catalyzed substitution of alcohols are termed SN1 and SN2. The “S” stands for substitution‚ the “N” stands for nucleophilic‚ and the “1” or “2” stand for unimolecular or bimolecular. Secondary alcohols react with hydrogen halides by both SN1 and SN2
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LU 1 - Tutorial 1. Write the formulas for the following compounds: Compound Copper (II) chloride Iron(II) sulphate Sodium sulphate Ammonium nitrate Sodium nitrite Potassium sulphate Magnesium phosphate Formula Compound Lithium acetate Manganese (IV) nitrate Potassium permanganate Iron (III) oxide Potassium sulphite Potassium hydrogen carbonate Sodium iodate Formula 2. Express the following numbers in scientific notation: a) 0.000000027 b) 356 c) 47 764 d) 0.096 3. Express the following numbers
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Seung Soo (Jason) Lee 002213-065 Internal Assessment – Investigating the Relationship between Concentration of Sodium Chloride and the Rate of Reaction of Enzyme Amylase Research Question: How will changing the percentage of sodium chloride concentration affect the rate of reaction of enzyme amylase‚ measured using the absorbance of starch and iodine with a spectrophotometer. Introduction: Amylase is an enzyme that is involved in the human digestive process. Found in both the human pancreas
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An Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Rate of the Reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms are redistributed‚ resulting in a change in the molecular composition of substances. The reaction rate is how quickly a reaction occurs and this can be affected by four different factors: ¡¤ changing the surface area of any solids involved ¡¤ changing the concentration of reactants in solution ¡¤ changing the temperature
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hydrogen end of the molecule is slightly positive and the fluorine end is slightly negative. This causes hydrogen bonding between other hydrogen fluoride molecules. KCl – potassium chloride is a metal halide salt. The bonding between potassium and chloride is an ionic bond. The potassium becomes a cation and the chloride an anion. The potassium end of the molecule becomes slightly positive and the other end slightly negative. Na – sodium contains metallic bonding. It has a high melting due to the
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Aim: determine the mass of calcium carbonate in chicken eggshells and hence its percentage by mass Apparatus Uncertainty 25.00 cm3 pipette ± 0.03 cm3 50.00 cm3 burette ± 0.05 cm3 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask ± 0.3 cm3 50.0 cm3 measuring cylinder ± 0.5 cm3 Electronic balance ± 0.01 g Uncertainty of apparatus Measurement Mass of eggshell = 3.15 ± 0.01 g Volume of HCl added = 50.00 ± 0.5 〖cm〗^3 Volume of solution = 250.0 ± 0.3 〖cm〗^3 Volume of NaOH pipetted = 25.00 ± 0.03 〖cm〗^3
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consequently raising the temperature of the solution‚ than lower density salts would. . The data I collected shows potassium chloride‚ which has a density of 1.98 g/㎤‚ increased the solution’s temperature at a faster rate than any of the other solutions. Using the data I collected‚ I can unequivocally state that my data did not support my hypothesis. Potassium chloride had the fifth highest density out of the seven salts I used in my experiment. The highest density salt I used‚ sodium carbonate
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Investigating How Concentration of Acid Affects the Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction ============ According to the collision theory temperature‚ concentration‚ surface area and catalysts all affect rates of reaction as shown in the diagrams below. Increasing any of these should increase the number of collisions and so increase the reaction rate up to an optimum point. Increasing the temperature causes the particles to collide with more
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Anatomy and Physiology Assignment Research project: The role of calcium and vitamin D in the development and maintenance of bone structure What is Parathyrin? Parathyrin is a substance made by the parathyroid gland that helps the body store and use calcium. A higher than normal amount of parathyrin causes high levels of calcium in the blood and may be a sign of disease. Parathyrin is also sometimes known as Parathormone‚ parathyroid hormone and PTH. What is Calcatonin? Calcatonin is a hormone
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mechanical restitution is driven by calcium movement and concentrations. An increase in cystolic calcium concentration causes contraction in myocardium. Calcium from the extracellular fluid enters the cardiomyocyte through the L-type Ca2+ channels after being propagated by the cardiac action potential which depolarises the cell. This flood of calcium triggers more calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via Calcium-Induced Calcium Release (CICR). Calcium binds to the ryanodine receptor on
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