ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examination CHEMISTRY 9647/03 Higher 2 13 September 2010 Paper 3 Free Response 2 hours Candidates answer on separate paper. Additional Materials: Answer paper‚ Graph Paper‚ Data Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚
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Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron‚ setting of milk into curd‚ digestion of food‚ respiration‚ etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance‚ so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Following are the signs of chemical reaction: (a) Change of state of substance
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as CaCO₃. High levels of total hardness are not considered a health concern. There are two types of Hardness: Temporary hardness: this is due to the presence of bicorbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling. Permanent hardness: this is due to the presence of chlorides & sulphate of calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling. MOTIVATION I was bothered that the water in Ilara community doesn’t combine easily with soap leading to excessive
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constant‚ Ksp is given in the following example: Ksp for AgCl is Ksp = [Ag][Cl] Ksp for PbI2 is Ksp = [Pb][I]2 This gives the relationship between the ions in the saturated solution and is the maximum concentration possible without creating precipitation. In this lab‚ solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide will be mixed at a number of dilutions. The reactions will then be observed to see at which point a precipitate no longer occurs. Ksp will then
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Ksp Cu(OH)2 Keq = Ksp Cu(OH)2 = 2.2 x 10-20 b. + 6.0M H2C2O4 Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2 H2C2O4 (( H+ + HC2O4- Ka1 H2C2O4 HC2O4- (( H+ + C2O42- Ka2 H2C2O4 Cu2+ + C2O42- (( CuC2O4 1/Ksp CuC2O4 2(OH- + H+ (( H2O) 1/K2w Net Keq = (Ksp Cu(OH)2 x Ka1 x Ka2 )/Ksp CuC2O4 = 1.969 x 10-2 c. pinch of Zinc dust Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2
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Barium chloride Calcium chloride Copper (II) chloride Magnesium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Unknown solids containing a single cation and labelled X‚ Y and Z Apparatus: Bunsen burner Insulation mat Platinum wire (or Nichrome wire)‚ Watch glass Safety precaution: As concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive‚ skin contact should be avoided. It is preferable to use polythene gloves and wear goggles while handling it. Copper (II) chloride and barium chloride are highly
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answer. Mass/Mole Problems 1. Determine the molar masses of the following compounds: a. dinitrogen pentoxide c. sodium carbonate b. ammonium phosphate 2. Calculate the number of atoms in 20.0 grams of calcium. Road map: grams ( mols( atoms 20.0 g Ca x 1 mol Ca x 6.02 x 1023 atoms Ca 1 40.01 g Ca 1 mol Ca atoms 3. What is the mass of 6.20 moles of potassium
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taking notes of what we observed. The different salts included Potassium chloride‚ Calcium chloride‚ Strontium chloride‚ Lithium chloride‚ Copper II chloride‚ Sodium Chloride‚ and Barium Chloride. Burning a pinch of each salt separately by holding a nichrome wire over a Bunsen burner‚ we found that each salt emitted a different color of light. For example‚ Potassium Chloride burnt a bright pink flame when burned‚ while Calcium burnt orange. No color was truly identical. What was the cause of this phenomenon
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and include sodium‚ potassium‚ chloride‚ calcium‚ phosphorus and sulfur. Microminerals or trace elements are needed in smaller quantities and include iron‚ copper‚ zinc‚ selenium and iodine amongst others. Although trace elements are needed in smaller amounts‚ they are just as essential to health as major minerals. Minerals are essential to various functions in the body. Sodium‚ potassium and chloride are all necessary for fluid balance. Magnesium‚ sodium‚ calcium and potassium are critical for
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Title : Osmosis in Quail’s Eggs Research Question What is the effect of different concentrations of sodium Chloride (NaCl) on the mass of the de-shelled quail’s eggs? Introduction Osmosis is an example of passive transport. Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules‚ down its concentration gradient‚ from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of lower water concentration (high solute concentration) through a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis
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