Enthalpy changes can be calculated using average bond enthalpy data. i) The enthalpy change to convert methane into gaseous atoms is shown below. [pic] Calculate the average bond enthalpy of a C—H bond in methane. [1] ii) Use the data in the table below and your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the enthalpy change for [pic] [3] [pic] b) The standard enthalpy of formation of 1‚2-dibromoethane‚ CH2BrCH2Br‚ is – 37.8 kJmol-1. Suggest the main reason for
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The article highlights issues and potential outcomes due to nurses working long hours; nurse fatigue is a critical topic that needs to be addressed within the medical profession. Most hospitals assign nurses to 12-hours shifts‚ and the average of four to five patient’s per nurse. The long shifts are extremely tiring for most nurses‚ and furthermore‚ can be detrimental to their health‚ which ultimately puts the patient at risk. As a result‚ nurses may not extend the therapeutic communication as expected
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During transformation‚ bacterial cells that receive foreign DNA are called transformants (Pierce‚ 2008). Bacterial cells which are capable of taken up foreign DNA are said to be competent‚ incompetent cells can be made competent by treatment with calcium chloride (Brown‚ 2006). Bacterial transformation has a lot of uses such as mapping bacterial chromosomes (Anthony et al‚ 2008). This experiment is aimed at exploring the transformation of E.coli bacteria with a genetically engineered DNA called pGLO plasmids
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Determination of Several Thermodynamic Quantities: K‚ ∆G°‚ ∆H°‚ and ∆S° Feldan P. Villarta I. INTRODUCTION The solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the level at which a solute dissolves in solution. A more a substance dissolves‚ the higher the Ksp value it has. In this experiment‚ a system of a sparingly soluble salt in water is studied. From the solubility information at various temperatures
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hydrogen atoms‚ and one oxygen atom. When these atoms come together‚ they form a strong bond that can’t be broken. What is Table salt? Sodium chloride Designed for cooking Has many ingredients 1. Potassium iodine- stabilizer 2. Glucose (sugar) - prevent the potassium iodine from breaking down. 3. Calcium silicate- anti-caking additive What at Sea salt? Used for cooking and cosmetics A natural form of salt Course grind (bigger chunks) It’s extract
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with hydrogen peroxide to form silver ‚ water and oxygen 7. Ammonia combines wuth oxygen to get nitrogen oxide and water 8. Aluminium oxide combines with sodium to form aluminium and sodium oxide 9. Calcium chloride reacts with water to give calcium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride 10. Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbondioxide forming sodium carbonate and water Maths : If you want you can do this or search in google for different methods OBJECTIVE:- To verify the Pythagoras theorem
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Introduction When a bacterium integrates a piece of DNA into its genome‚ bacterial transformation has occurred. In this experiment bacterial transformation will be done using calcium chloride/heat shock. This is done by incorporating the plasmids into chemically competent cells that were made permeable by the calcium chloride solution and heat shock. In 1928‚ Frederick Griffith‚ a physician from London‚ was he first person to experiment with bacterial transformation. He permanently transformed a safe
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The literature value for the melting point range for Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl)anthracene is 130-133 oC. The obtained range was lower than that at 120.3 to 123.8 oC. Because it is lower than the known value‚ this means the obtain product is not completely pure. Impurities in the compound can result in a decrease in the compounds melting point‚ which is observed here. The impurities could be 1-propanol due to an insufficient drying. If the experiment was performed again‚ the product would need to be
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BUILDING DEFECTS PART 1 • Identify common building defects • Identify the source • Provide pictures‚ diagrams and sketches • Suggest remedial action • Show details that would have avoided the defect PART 2 Generate a scheme for planned maintenance and provide a building checklist to ensure all necessary maintenance is carried out on a regular basis. INTRODUCTION In this project we will be looking at many different kinds of building defects that would be commonly seen in the construction
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Materials in Our Daily Life : 95 : 21 Materials in Our Daily Life The basic aim of science is not only to study and understand natural phenomena but also to use this knowledge to make our lives more comfortable. Science and technology have enabled us to develop more economical and convenient methods to recover useful materials from nature and to put them to various uses. Chemistry has enabled us to synthesize new materials which have desired properties‚ thus‚ making them even better than natural
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