Content I. Vertical Integration II. Horizontal integration III. Economies of scale IV. Economies of scope V. Economic efficiency VI. Proprietary(property or ownership) Know-how VII. Monopoly VIII. Oligopoly IX. perfect competition (pure competition) business definition X. workable competition business definition XI. Cost leadership XII. Differentiation (economics) XIII. Barriers to exit XIV. Inventory flow XV. Incoterms XVI. Multinational Corporation
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The Galleon Trade 1565 - 1815 The Manila Galleon or “Nap de China” was the first route to sail through the Pacific Ocean as a link between Asia and America. Through this route‚ and after having colonized Philippines‚ Spain controlled this commercial route for almost three centuries‚ uniting Seville‚ Philippines and Mexico. • The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade began when the Augustinian friar‚ Andrés de Urdaneta‚ sailing in convoy under Miguel López de Legazpi‚ discovered a return route from Cebu
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Modern non-tariff measures 1. Import deposit schemes: this requires importers to deposit a certain amount with the central bank of the country. This makes importing more time consuming and more expensive and reduces the liquidity of the importing firm. 2. Voluntary Export Restrain (VER): it is an agreement between two countries where the government of exporting country agrees voluntary to restrict the volume of its exports of a certain good. Ex. Japan’s VER with USA in the export of motor
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE Pre-requisite Courses and Assumed Knowledge and Capabilities Prices and Markets or equivalent Course Description International Trade is a final year course that covers the economic theory of free trade and of intervention in the trade process. It is designed as an applied course that aims to help students integrate their knowledge of economic analysis with the fundamental determinants of the size and pattern of the gains from international trade. Students will learn to
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BEHAVIORISM Fred Luthans‚ James B. Avey and Brett Luthans Definition Behaviorism is a theoretical foundation with roots in psychology with an intentional focus on observable‚ measurable behavior as the primary unit of analysis (Luthans‚ Youssef‚ & Luthans‚ 2005). Behaviorism systematically analyzes the relationships between an individual’s behavior and environmental contingencies. The study and practice of behaviorism emphasizes predicting and controlling/managing behavior and thus is especially
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The Contingency Approach: Y. Y^ -a . . ’ ^ 1 i^-^ .g ^ ‚ The Contingency Its l^oundations and Relevance A poc p r ah to Theory Building and Research in Marketing by Valarie A. Zeithaml Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina‚ P. "Rajan" Varadarajan Texas A&M University‚ and Carl P. Zeithaml University of North Carolina‚ Chapel Hill Introduction During the 1960s‚ management theory and research began to adopt a new orientation‚ one that embodied a remarkably simple concept
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established in several ways‚ one of which is through trade. The nature of trade includes exporting and importing goods and services which form trade links with partner countries. Trade comes with its advantages and disadvantages. Australia also takes part in multilateral agreements‚ such as APEC‚ to be able to strengthen trade links. International trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods meaning tangible objects like clothes‚ food and such‚ while services are non-tangible items
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What is International Trade? Nowadays‚ the modern economy has a dramatically increase‚ and also the economic globalization has been formed. Trade‚ especially international trade has become the most important role in the world economy. Trade is the voluntary exchange of goods‚ services‚ assets or money between one person or organization and another. Through the trade‚ both parties believe they will gain the benefit from the exchange. International trade is trade between residents of two countries
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The IKEA approach Kevan Scholes* ‘In times when many nations and people face economic challenges our vision of creating a better everyday life for the many people is more relevant than ever. To make it possible to furnish functionally‚ individually and sustainably – even when the economy is tight.’ This was Mikael Ohlsson‚ IKEA’s Chief Executive‚ speaking in 20121 while reporting a sales increase of 6.9 per cent (to b25.2 billion)‚ profits of b3 billion and share gains in most markets. At the same
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Chapter 2 The Power of Trade and Comparative Advantage End-of-Chapter Questions November 25‚ 2012 Facts and Tools 1. Use the idea of the division of knowledge to answer the following questions. (a). Which country has more knowledge: Utopia‚ where in the words of Karl Marx‚ each person knows just enough about hunting‚ shing‚ and cattle raising to hunt in the morning‚ sh in the afternoon‚ [and] rear cattle in the evening‚ or Drudgia‚ where one-third of the population learns only
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