EXPERIMENT 11: DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN A WATER SAMPLE (WINKLER METHOD) INTRODUCTION In an alkaline solution‚ dissolved oxygen will oxidize manganese(II) to the trivalent state. 8OH-(aq) + 4Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) －－＞ 4Mn(OH)3(s) The analysis is completed by titrating the iodine produced from potassium iodide by manganese(III) hydroxide. 2Mn(OH)3(s) + 2I-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) －－＞ 2Mn2+(aq) + I2(aq) + 6H2O(l) Sodium thiosulphate is used as the titrant. Success of the method is critically
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Materials 1 Title: Objective: Hardness and Impact Tests of Steels To understand the mechanical properties of a metal (steel) particularly the relationship between hardness and impact Equipments: Rockwell Hardness tester and Charpy Impact tester Samples: 1. Gauge plate – about 0.9%C As supplied (annealed): AS Water quenched: WQ Oil quenched: OQ Water quenched + tempered: WQ + T Oil quenched + tempered: OQ + T 2. Key steel – about 0.4%C As supplied (annealed): AS Water quenched: WQ Procedures: Samples
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Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration Researchers Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Jan Michael Maturan Charlene Lou A. Nicer Arian Paul D. Norcio Submitted to the Faculty of the Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Science and Technology Research 2 March 2013 ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate
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WATER STEWARDSHIP INFORMATION SERIES Hardness in Groundwater February 2007 What is water hardness? Water hardness is primarily the amount of calcium and magnesium‚ and to a lesser extent‚ iron in the water. Water hardness is measured by adding up the concentrations of calcium‚ magnesium and converting this value to an equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in milligrams per litre (mg/L) of water. The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Hardness divide hardness
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the experiment was conducted‚ data that was found‚ and the importance of testing the hardness of materials. This experiment explains and proves how the hardness of materials can be increased by alloying and heat treating. Intro – Rockwell Hardness Testing Soft and hard qualities exist in materials. In materials‚ hardness measures the ability of a material to resist scratching‚ indentation‚ or penetration. Hardness cannot be expressed in terms of defined units; it is the result of a defined measurement
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COLLEGE OF TITLE: REMOVAL OF HARDNESS OF WATER USING PRECIPITATION AND COMPLEXATION METHODS. NAME: KWARTENG YAW PRINCE COURSE: BSC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE YEAR: FIRST YEAR EXPERIMENT NO. : A.1.1.3. T.A.: BRIGHT KOFI LEONARD DATE: 7TH NOVEMBER‚ 2007. Aims and Objectives: 1. To describe water hardness. 2. To soften hard water in terms of the species involved
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Solubility Product Determination Purpose • To determine the solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ of an ionic compound. Introduction The solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ is a particular type of equilibrium constant. The equilibrium is formed when an ionic solid dissolves in water to form a saturated solution. The equilibrium exists between the aqueous ions and the undissolved solid. A saturated solution contains the maximum concentration of ions of the substance that can dissolve at
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Title of the Experiment: determination of densities Introduction The density of a sample of matter represents the mass contained within a unit volume of space in the sample. For most samples‚ a unit volume means 1.0 ml. The units of density‚ therefore‚ are quoted in terms of grams per milliliter (g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for most solid and liquid samples of matter. Density is often used as a point of identification in the determination of an unknown substance. The density
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Lab Title: "The Effect of Salt on the Boiling Point of Water" Lab Question: How does adding salt to water affects it’s boiling point? Prediction : In this paper‚ a newly proposed model based on solvation between pure solvent and salt for prediction of salt effect on vapor–liquid equilibria is presented by using only the vapor pressure depression data of pure solvent+salt systems that compose the mixed solvent with salt system Materials : 200 mL of distilled water‚ 2 beakers
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Water Wheel Work‚ Power‚ and Efficiency Pre-Lab Preparation: Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to create an efficient water wheel that would produce a productive time in lifting the cup of nuts and bolts that was attached to the pipe used in rotating out water wheel. The more efficient our wheel was the better the time we would have in lifting our cup. We were then able to observe the work that was needed to turn the axel‚ the time that is taken to bring the cup of washers to the axel‚ and
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