Sugar Gradient Lab Procedure: 1. Get out 5 separate cups or beakers and fill them ¾ full with water in each. 2. Number each of the cups 1 through 5. And color accordingly with food dye: • Cup 1- 2 drops of yellow • Cup 2- 2 drops of red • Cup 3- 2 drops of green • Cup 4- 2 drops of yellow and 1 drop of red • Cup 5- 2 drops of blue 3. Add: • 1 scoop of sugar in Cup 1 • 2 scoops of sugar in Cup 2 • 3 scoops of sugar in Cup 3 • 4 scoops of sugar in Cup 4 • 8 scoops of sugar in Cup 5 4
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In the previous lab we used different types of reagents to help determine if the presence of proteins‚ starches‚ and reducing sugars were present in the solutions we were provided with. The purpose of the lab was to allow us to have the opportunity to view the positive and negative reactions of the solutions we used‚ also to understand what that meant. The reagents we used allow us to detect whether or not there was a reducing sugar‚ starch‚ or protein present in the solutions. From what I knew previous
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Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) can be viewed as a new and remarkable class of solvent. They are also a type of materials that have a long and useful history‚ where the earliest material that meets the current definition of IL was observed in the mid-19th century when a separate liquid phase called the “red oil” was observed in Friedel-Crafts reaction [17]. Over the following years‚ there has been a rapid growing of interest in ILs due to the realization
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Abstract: When ionic compounds are dissolved in water‚ they break apart into ions. In this lab the opportunity to mix two ionic solutions and observe the results was given. Some ions will remain dissolved and uncombined in the solution even when they are mixed with other ions. When other ions are mixed‚ they form compounds that appear as cloudy or grainy precipitates. The objective of this lab was to observe the formation of compounds and to write the names and formulas of ionic compounds. It is
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The litmus paper and the pH probe determined the salt solutions’ pH levels. When the blue litmus paper was dipped into ammonium chloride‚ the paper was changed to red whereas the red litmus paper stayed the same indicating that the solution was acidic. PH levels shown through pH probe also ranged between 5.5 to 6.0. Yet when in the presence of sodium acetate blue litmus stayed blue whereas red litmus turned blue‚ indicating its basicity. pH probe also showed the solution’s pH varied between the
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Epsom salt have many uses‚ including use as bath salts‚ as a laxative and as a plant nutrient. Epsom salt contains hydrated magnesium sulphate which has the formula MgSO4.xH2O. Experiment to find the value of x in a pure sample of hydrated magnesium sulphate. The method i will use is heating a known mass of magnesium sulphate to remove the water of crystallisation. x is found by weighing before and after heating to find the mass of the water then using the moles calculations to find x. The source
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Investigation of a Hydrated Salt Table of Calculations: ³ Unknown #2 Weight of hydrate before heating .9989g Weight hydrate after heating .6534g Weight of water .3455g Mole of water in hydrate .0192mol Mole of anhydrous salt: CuSO4 .004094mol CuCl2 .004859mol CoCl2 .005033mol Mole ratio of water to each of the anhydrous salts: CuSO4 4.69
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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Chemical Bonding Lab Chemical compounds are combinations of atoms held together by chemical bonds. These chemical bonds are of two basic types—ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds result when one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms is transferred to another atom. Positive and negative ions are created through the transfer. In covalent compounds no electrons are transferred; instead electrons are shared by the bonded atoms. The physical properties of a substance‚ such as melting point
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic compound
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