orbital and at least one p orbital are always hybridized. 3. To create octahedral structures‚ two d orbitals must be hybridized along with the s and all three p orbitals. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 2 and 3 e) 1‚ 2‚ and 3 Answer: e 4. How many sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds are in ethene‚ C2H4? a) four σ‚ one π b) four σ‚ two π c) five σ‚ one π d) five σ‚ two π e) six σ‚ zero π Answer: c 5. How many sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds are in carbon monoxide? a) three σ
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Chromatography of Commercial Analgesics Using the thin layer chromatography the major components of a commercial analgesic tablet will be indentified and purified. The active ingredients of the analgesic used were characterized by comparison with chromatograms of aspirin‚ acetaminophen‚ ibuprofen‚ mefanemic acid‚ and caffeine through the use of UV chromatography then the Rf value was calculated for each solvent. INTRODUCTION In this experiment‚ thin-layer chromatography (TLC) will be used
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unknown compound. In this experiment‚ chromatography and titration were performed to identify the unknown amino acid. Within experimental error‚ the results were consistent with the reference literature cited in this report. Experimental Thin Layer Chromatography The amino acid standards used in this experiment were Alanine‚ Glycine‚ Serine‚ and Histidine. These standards and the unknown were separated by performing a method of chromatography. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed by using a mobile
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Size Exclusion Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is the separation technique based on the molecular size of the components. Size exclusion chromatography is a kind of method to separate different size of molecules that put in solution. It was first discovered by two scientists who named Grant Henry Lathe and Colin R Ruthven. Both of them received the John Scott Award for this fabulous invention. There are various applications for Size exclusion chromatography such as biochemical
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the product created was paracetamol when a thin layer chromatography test was performed and observed under ultraviolet light (which is discussed further down the page). An unknown substance was treated with acetic anhydrate and resulted with paracetamol. A compound that behaves in this matter is 4-aminophenol and is widespread in the industrial production of this drug. Upon these observations was the build up of “Chemical A” decided. When 4-aminophenol is t treated with acetic anhydrate it produces
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atis‚ Arnelson Arwin G. and Gaitos‚ Gerald M. Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City Performed: December 9‚ 2011 Submitted: December 15‚ 2011 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION solutions containing increasing amounts of the organic acid. These solutions were contained in flasks numbered 5‚ 6‚ 7‚ 8‚ and 9. (Refer to the Appendix to see components of each flask). Tables 2‚ 3‚ 4‚ and 5
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Component seeks to separate‚ identify‚ quantify and analyze the active component found in Biogesic®‚ which may be useful for public awareness despite its wide acceptance and availability in the market. Furthermore‚ this study applies thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique since it is the simplest‚ cheapest yet most effective approach in terms to the study’s objectives. The TLC method implies Rf (Rate of flow) values where it is given by the distance from origin to center of subtance spot over the
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able to experimentally analyze and isolate amino acids by separation techniques. One such method of separation is thin layer chromatography (TLC). In this method‚ a silica coated aluminum plate is spotted with the solution being separated‚ and the plate is placed in a developing jar containing a small amount of solvent. With time‚ the solvent
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1. a. List four cell structures that were common to both plant and animal cells. (4 points) b. What structures were unique to plant cells? (2 points) c. What structures were unique to animal cells? (2 points)--Answer below: a. 1. Rough ER 2. Smooth ER 3. Golgi Apparatus 4. Nucleus b. 1. Chloroplast 2. Cell walls 3. Vacuole c.
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Kelly Felicetta Tougher Plants Beating Stress by Protecting Photosynthesis in Genetically Modified Plants Part 1: Stress 1. The major stresses that agricultural plants face are drought stress‚ cold stress‚ heat stress‚ flooding stress‚ mineral deficiency stress‚ salinity stress‚ and aluminum toxicity stress. Part 2: Glycine Betaine 2a. Wild type means it is the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature. 2b. L1 is different from the wild type because it is a strain
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