spots were present for a compound‚ give Rf value for each component and state if the component was major or minor. | 100% hexane | 25% EtOAc in hexane | 10% EtOAc in hexane | Fluorene | 0.34 cm | 0.94 cm | 0.67 cm | 9 - fluorenol | 0.00 cm | 0.49 cm | 0.05 cm | 9 - fluorenone | 0.00 cm | 0.69 cm | 0.21 cm | 2. Explain how Rf values were generally affected by polarity of the solvent/eluent systems. As part of your answer‚ rank the solvent/eluent systems in order of decreasing polarity
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reaction and let the reaction occur at temperatures found in living cells. The way that enzymes do this is explained with the lock and key hypothesis. This hypothesis says enzymes have a specific shape called the active site which is different between different enzymes. Molecules called the substrate that participates in the reaction also have a specific shape that can
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Six Factors Affecting the Performance of an Enzyme Enzymes are considered catalysts; substances that increase the rates of reactions. Enzymes are responsible for thousands of metabolic processes that involve the sustainment of life‚ one common one is simple food digestion. Without enzymes‚ digestion would occur too slowly for life to continue. Enzymes maintain a protein structure consisting of one or possibly more than one polypeptide chains of defined primary structure‚ and take up a characteristic
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Enzymes are a major role in the process of accelerating chemical reactions. Environmental factors affect the enzymes‚ These environmental factors include ph levels and body temperature. While both of these environmental factors affect the enzyme‚ body temperature affects the enzymes the most and can result in death. Enzymes are affected by high body temperature. Enzymes are highly specific and they work at certain temperature levels depending if it’s hot or cold. However‚ when the
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There are COX enzyme isoforms include COX-1 and COX-2. (Figure 3.8) These enzymes originate from different genes and have distinct tissue-specific expressions and biologic functions. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and believed to responsible for the production of prostanoids in homeostasis‚ such as gastric epithelial cytoprotection and renal blood flow maintenance. COX-2 expression is inducibly expressed only at marginal levels under condition in many tissues and is upregulated
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Matt Ridley. Matt Ridley says that a gene called CYP17 found on chromosome 10 codes for an enzyme that catalyzes cholesterol to form the hormone called cortisol. The higher levels of cortisol in the blood stream indicates that the
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Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins‚ they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist‚ biochemical reactions would act to slowly and they couldn’t keep up with the metabolic functions. Enzymes have a three-dimensional structure that is really complex. This structure consists
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AIM The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat. BILE Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water‚ bile salts‚ bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order
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Simple Experiments on the Enzyme Catalase Aim: The aim of this practical is to use three different techniques to investigate the effect of different concentrations of the enzyme catalase on the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Background information Catalase is an enzyme which is found in all living organisms. This enzyme catalases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Cells continually produce a poisonous by-product of metabolising‚ called hydrogen peroxide. This
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Biology Enzymes IA Design Introduction: Enzymes are globular proteins‚ they are responsible for most of the chemical activities of a living organism. They act as catalysts‚ substances that affects the reaction of other substances without being destroyed or altered during the process. They are extremely efficient in the body system of living organisms‚ one enzyme may catalyse over a thousand chemical reactions every second. But there are certain conditions that need to be fulfilled in order for the
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