Adipic Acid (98/99-3) Currently operating commercial production processes for adipic acid depend on the production or purchase of KA oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone‚ the ketone or K component‚ and cyclohexanol‚ the alcohol or A component)‚ or of pure cyclohexanol‚ and its subsequent oxidation in solution to adipic acid using an excess of strong nitric acid. This report deals with KA oil/cyclohexanol production by various routes‚ followed by the common step of nitric acid oxidation. KA oil production
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test for amino acids) Xanthoproteic Test Conc. HNO3‚ conc. NaOH For W‚F‚Y (aromatic except for H) Blue to blue-violet Oxidative decarboxylation color & deamination followed by (proline:hydroxypr condensation oline gives a yellow color) Yellow sol’n/ppt. Nitration via SEAr with conc. HNO3‚ orange with excess NaOH Millon’s rgt.(Hg2+ & Hg22+nitrates& nitriles/Hg(NO3)2 in conc. HNO3‚ w/ trace of HNO2/HgSO4‚H2SO4 ‚NaNO2) Hopkins-Cole Test Glyoxylic acid (Mg powder‚ oxalic
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they know their segments because they launched the KA as a reaction to the Twingo (+8.9% M.S. in a year) and the market changes‚ so they copied it. However they do not know which target to choose and how to position their product offer on the market. In the hurry‚ it seems that they mixed up segmentation and targeting. The way they launched the KA is against the established modern marketing view. Q2 Taking into account that they launched the KA to challenge the Twingo position on the small cars
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transported to the liver‚ where it undergoes conjugation and excretion. Upon its separation from albumin on hepatocyte membrane‚ bilirubin binds to specific carriers and is intracellularly transferred to the site where it conjugates with glucuronic acid to form bilirubin diglucuronide and bilirubin monoglucuronide. During this process‚ the insoluble form of bilirubin is converted into its soluble form‚ known as conjugated or bound bilirubin. Upon conjugation‚ the bilirubin from hepatocytes is excreted
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ACID BASE TITRATION OBJECTIVES 1. To demonstrate the basic laboratory technique of titration 2. To learn to calculate molarity based on titrations INTRODUCTION Molarity (M) or molar concentration is a common unit for expressing the concentration of solutions. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (or millimoles of solute per milliliter of solution). The concentration of a basic solution can be determined by titrating it with a volume of a standard acid solution (of
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Abstract By using acid-base titration‚ we determined the suitability of phenolphthalein and methyl red as acid base indicators. We found that the equivalence point of the titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide was not within the ph range of phenolphthalein’s color range. The titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide resulted in an equivalence point out of the range of methyl red. And the titration of ammonia with hydrochloric acid had an equivalence point that was also out of
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Acid-Base Balance and Fluids and Electrolytes Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Date Due Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory acidosis refers to a medical defect in which hypoventilation occurs leading to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreased level of pH. Decreased pH in the blood is generally known as acidosis. The body cells continuously respire and release carbon dioxide. The lungs may fail to efficiently expel the CO2. This condition is known as alveolar
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this experiment‚ you will • Use Hess’s law to determine the enthalpy change of the reaction between aqueous ammonia and aqueous hydrochloric acid. • Compare your calculated enthalpy change with the experimental results. [pic] Figure 1 MATERIALS |LabQuest |2.0 M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl‚ solution | |LabQuest App
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Alana Rogers Date of experiment:11-20-13 Date submitted: 11-23-13 Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Purpose: This purpose of this experiment was to determine the hardness of the local water supply. Be familiar with using a titrator. To tell wether your water is hard or soft. Hard water however does not create a threat‚ but is bad for your pipes causing them to crust. To measure water’s “softness” you are truly measuring the amount of CaCO3 in the water. Procedure: Assemble
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Voltmeter A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter. The first digital voltmeter was invented and produced by Andrew Kay of Non-Linear Systems (and later founder of Kaypro) in 1954. RHEOSTAT A rheostat is a device which is used
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