The muscular system has three types of muscle: skeletal‚ smooth‚ and cardiac. However‚ the main focus will be on the skeletal muscles and how they contract‚ as well as fatigue and respond to changes in temperature. In terms of the anatomy of the skeletal muscle‚ it is connected to bones by tendons‚ enabling movement. The muscle has layers around its main body: the fascia and the epimysium. A muscle is made up of many fascicles‚ bundles of myofibers (muscle cell) surrounded by perimysium. Each myofibers
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Muscle Change in People Anatomy and Physiology Professor Debra Low Discussion Board Stephanie Quinn March11‚ 2013 Which lower extremity muscles are utilized during standing and walking? They are your Quadriceps they are the biggest muscles by far they are at the front of the thighs. They raise the thigh and leg. Then there are the Hamstrings these form the back of the thighs and move the leg backward. The Buttocks powerful and bulky complete the backward movement of the step. Stomach muscles
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Experiment 14: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane Goal: To prepare 1-Bromobutane by the SN2 reaction from 1-Butanol with Sodium Bromide and Sulfuric Acid. Mechanism: Procedure: 1. Place 27g of NaBr‚ 20mL of n-butyl alcohol‚ and 30mL of water into a 250mL round bottom flask. 2. Put the mixture in an ice-water batch and cool briefly‚ then slowly add 23 mL of conc H2SO4 while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. 3. Place a water-cooled condenser and heat the flask until the mixture boils while
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Experiment D-Pre-lab: Synthesis of a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) Name: Morgan Smith Student #:130635880 Date Submitted: November 7‚ 2014 Lab Section: Friday 2:30pm‚ Section 9 T.A: Matt Halloran 1. Refer to the last page. 2. Arrow pushing mechanism: 3. Refluxing is when the reactants are boiled and the vapor that is produced is cooled. When the vapor is cooled it changes back to its liquid state and returns to the flask. 4. The visual cue that allows you to determine that the
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the hot water from combining it with the cold water. As discussed in a page titled Heat Capacity2‚ the heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree (in this case C). In the experiment performed in lab‚ the heat capacity of the calorimeters was calculated by subtracting the heat gain from the heat loss and then dividing that by the difference in the temperatures between cold water and the combination of the hot and cold water‚ . The heat
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HOW MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY THEY NEED TO WORK 1) Muscle needs energy to contract and as stated previously the ‘universal energy currency’ of living systems is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This is largely produced within mitochondria‚ organelles which are often referred to as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. The ATP that results is used to provide the power for the muscle fibres to contract. Contraction itself (i.e. actual shortening movement) occurs when a bond is broken between ATP and one of its
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Muscle Contraction & Excitation Muscle excitation takes place when there is a synaptic transmission and induction of an impulse. There are six steps that take place during muscle excitation. (1)The action potential travels down the somatic motor neuron axon reaching the synaptic bulb causing calcium ions to flow into the synaptic bulb. (2)The increase of calcium in the synaptic bulb causes the synaptic vesicles to undergo exocytosis. (Exocytosis a process that allows large molecule to leave
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string was not held tightly‚ the balloon bounced around quite a bit and did not travel as far. In this lab‚ I was examining the amount of power and work that was done by the balloon as it travelled. But was the balloon efficient? Efficiency means the “ratio of useful work out from the total amount of work done‚ as a percentage.” Therefore‚ if there are a lot of energy transfers‚ this means that the lab is not efficient. For example‚ on the balloon’s motion‚ there are points where energy is lost. When
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Calorimetry Experiment Purpose: The objective of this lab is to determine the enthalpy change for NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) Procedure: Before measuring the enthalpy of acid base neutralization‚ my partner Brian and I determined a calorimeter constant‚ using a homemade polystyrene calorimeter. With the following formula and data: qhot= cm (Tf-Ti) qcold=cm(Tf-Ti) SYSTEM DATA SURROUNDINGS DATA Water cold Mass: 50mL Water hot Mass: 50mL C=4.18 C=4.18 Ti=20 C Ti=31
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Up Experiment 2D: Separation of a mixture by Paper Chromatography Objectives: 1. To assemble and operate a paper chromatography apparatus 2. To study and the significance of Rf values 3. To test various food colorings and to calculate their Rf values 4. To compare measured Rf values with standard Rf values 5. To separate mixtures of food coloring into their components 6. To identify the components of mixtures by means of their Rf values Materials / Apparatus: See “Health Chemistry Lab Experiments”
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