PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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Constant of an Unknown Ester Hydrolysis Reaction Abstract The experiments to follow determined that the equilibrium concentrations of the reaction: ester + water ↔ alcohol + acid‚ are equal to 0.0363 moles of ester‚ 0.2852 moles of water‚ and 0.0268 moles each of alcohol and acid. Using this information the equilibrium constant was determined to be 0.06938. 1. Introduction In this lab the equilibrium constant‚ Kc‚ for the acid catalyzed reaction between an unknown ester and water
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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been tested primarily with titanium dioxide (TiO2) either alone or in combination with other materials. In this work‚ Mg/Al hydrotalcites prepared by two methods using inorganic (HC) or organic (HS) chemical reagents‚ along with mixed oxides produced by calcination of these products (HCC and HSC) were mixed with titanium isopropoxide to obtain hydroxide-TiO2 compounds (HCC-TiO2 and HSC-TiO2) to test their photocatalytic activity compared with
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How do ionic compounds form? How do electrons change the shape of a molecule? These are just a couple of the questions that this paper will answer. How do ionic compounds form? Ionic compounds are formed by positive and negative ions. An ionic bond means that there are valence electrons being shared between the two molecules. This can cause the molecule to become negative or positively charged. An ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal and the
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experiment the objective was to perform a Diels-Alder reaction using cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride to synthesize the product‚ cis-Norbornene-5‚6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride. The Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry and was first investigated by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder in Germany. It is a [4+2] concerted cycloaddition reaction which involves a diene and a dienophile. The Diel-Alder reaction are mainly used for creating new carbon-carbon bonds‚ mostly
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Objective: To perform an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction‚ predict the effect on substituent orientation‚ and determine the identity of the product and mechanism for product. Procedure: Schoffstall‚ A.M.‚ Faddis‚ B.A.‚ and Durelinger‚ M.L. Microscale and Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments‚ 2nd Ed.‚ McGraw-Hill‚ 2004‚ pages 215-218. Experiment 12.2 A Changes: Part A- No methanol recrystallization. Results and Observations
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Discussion The purpose of this lab is to display the influence of retronasal olfaction when it comes to flavor. Humans have two different types of olfaction. Olfaction is the detection of chemicals in the air. These chemicals which are meant to activate odor receptors‚ are called odorants. Humans have approximately 20 million olfactory receptors‚ which is only a fraction compared to bloodhounds who have 4 billion. The first type of olfaction is called orthonasal olfaction which is inhaling. Here
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the wooden originals. The temples had painted decorations and low-pitched wooden roofs. Columns had ornamental capitals—the top of the column—in one of three designs. The simplest‚ Doric‚ consisted of columns with plain molded capitals and no base. Ionic capitals were decorated with a pair of scrolls‚ known as volutes. Corinthian capitals‚ the most ornate‚ were decorated with an inverted bell-shaped arrangement of leaves. Prime examples include the Parthenon and Erectheum‚ in Athens. From 100 B.C
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Soda and Mentos Reaction: Any kind of Soda and Mentos interaction will expedite a geyser of both carbon dioxide and foam. Soda has a few properties‚ for instance‚ an sweetener or an artificial flavouring‚ but it’s main factor that contributes to the reaction is carbonated water. Carbonated water is basically water with Carbon Dioxide compressed within it‚ it causes the drink to be fizzy and bubbly. This contributes to the reaction because it the fizz and bubbles are gas‚ which tries to escape from
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How to Form Ionic Bonds 1. Explain (step-by-step) how to form ionic bonds between Li+ and N-3. First‚ understand that all atoms want full shells. All atoms‚ except for noble gases‚ have valence electrons. These electrons are the ones on the outermost shell. All atoms either want to get rid of these electrons or gain enough to make a full shell. Metals‚ which are on the right side of the periodic table‚ have less than 4 valence electrons. This means they want to get rid of those electrons. Nonmetals
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