Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
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Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
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Abstract: The objective of the experiment is to learn how to use a microscope while viewing various types of bacteria cultures. Prepared slides are used to view bacterial cultures under a microscope that would normally be invisible to the naked eye. Bacterial shapes and arrangements or morphology are observed in prepared slides and fresh yogurt culture. Purpose: The experiment is meant to determine the shapes of bacteria under different magnifications when using a microscope; 10X‚ 40X‚ and 100X
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1- Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus sp.: The microorganisms in the most contaminated toilet Sink were isolated by dilution technique. The dominant bacterial strains are identified as Bacillus sp.‚ on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. Gram’s staining: Gram positive and rod shape. They were serially diluted and spread on nutrient agar plates. The starch has been hydrolyzed and a clear zone by the addition of iodine solution. Visual identification: When bacterial
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Carbohydrate Lab Report Introduction Qualitative identification of a substance is of significant importance in chemistry. Physical constants such as melting points have traditionally been used by organic chemistry for identification of unknown compounds. As for inorganic substances‚ the precipitation of a solid‚ results of a flame test‚ or the formation of a colored substance could all be keys to identifying a sample. Chromatography and spectra are amongst the newer techniques
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Hugh Kim Lab Report: Stoichiometry Lab 1. Prelab Part1. 1) Create no waste = The principle that encourages chemists to not create waste at the first place rather than cleaning it up afterwards effectively shifts the chemistry more environmentally conscious‚ as creating no waste would make the experiment efficient; the reactants will be reduced to only the essential ones and the product will be maximized‚ a change that would make the experiment economic. Also‚ if chemists aim to
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Concentration on Absorbance Background Information The purpose of the “Determining Solution ‘Concentration’ Using A Spectrophotometer” lab was to use a spectrophotometer to find the relationship of concentration and absorbance obeying the Beer-Lambert law‚ which states concentration and absorbance are directly related‚ to then further determine the concentration of three unknown solutions. With the assumption that the solutions obey the Beer-Lambert law it is predicted that as concentration increases‚ absorbance
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Philippines Consumer Protection Law What is Republic Act 7394? Republic Act 7394 (RA 7394) is the "Consumer Act of the Philippines" which was promulgated on July 15‚ 1992. It is the policy of the State to protect the interest of the consumer‚ promote his general welfare and to establish standards of conduct for business and industry. What are the objectives of the RA 7394 or otherwise known as "Consumer Act of the Philippines? Protection of consumers against hazards to health and safety;
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Introduction In unit 7.3 the experiment tested the ability of lactase to specifically bind and interact with lactose compared to maltose. In unit 7.4 the experiment tested the role‚ if any‚ that metal ions have on the activity of lactase. My hypothesis for unit 7.3 was knowing that lactase is specific for lactose‚ lactose will separate into galactose and glucose‚ as maltose will not change (153-155). Lactase should like lactose. For unit 7.4 my hypothesis was that EDTA will remove the ions‚ and
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