Enzymes are proteins that increase or decrease the rate of chemical reactions. They are generally globular proteins and are around 62 amino acids residues in size. What enzymes do is determined by their 2-dimensional shape. A lot of enzymes are bigger than the substrate they act on‚ but only a little part of the enzyme involved directly with the catalysis. Without enzymes the chemical reactions in the body‚ would be so slow‚ the body would shut down. And cell reactions would take too much energy
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Purpose: Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a certain palindromic sequence. Three samples of lamda DNA set up to be cut with restriction enzymes PstI‚ EcoRI‚ or HindDIII. There were also two more samples‚ one of these samples was not mixed with any restriction enzyme and the other was a marker‚ which used an enzyme which creates fragments with a known number of base pairs used to create a standard curve. All five samples were put through agarose gel electrophoresis in order to estimate the amount of
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Enzymes are generally protein macromolecules that act as catalysts in metabolic reactions. A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes speed up metabolic reaction rates by lowering the activation energy barrier‚ which is the amount of energy initially needed to spark a reaction. It allows reactant molecules to absorb enough energy to break bonds and react without raising the temperature to an extreme. During this process the substrate
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The data from the experiment demonstrates that the catalase enzyme breaks down the hydrogen peroxide due to its harmful toxicity to the liver. In section A‚ the effect surface area has on the enzyme was tested. The results have proven that as the surface area increases‚ the reaction rate of the enzyme also increases. To illustrate‚ when the liver was ground‚ the bubbles from the reaction reached a maximum height of 150mm in five seconds less than the unground liver which merely reached a maximum
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Sample Lab Report: Factors which Affect the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Purpose: Must include: background information about concepts involved in the lab‚ statement of purpose of the lab identification of independent and dependent variables. A hypothesis is often not necessary or appropriate. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells. They break down molecules called substrates. Each enzyme has only one substrate that it breaks down. Enzymes are produced in
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Broadly speaking‚ enzymes are proteins that is produced to perform as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions. Catalyst are used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction. In this study‚ we performed two different experiments that investigated the effect of varying substrate concentration‚ and the effect of temperature on the rate of Enzyme-Catalase reaction. In experiment one (i.e. the effect of varying substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme-catalase reaction) we tested the hypothesis
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purpose of this experiment is to study how enzyme activity is affected by environmental conditions. Researchers tested the level of potato extract enzyme activity with 1-11 pH‚ varying temperature‚ catechol solution‚ hydroquinone solution‚ and different measurements of catechol. In Figure 1A and 1B‚ pH levels were tested with potato extract to see how pH would affect the amount of Benzoquinone is formed in the potato. Although it was hypothesized that enzymes would form Benzoquinone better in acidic
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Exploring Enzymes - Ground-Up Tissue Activity Abstract Our experiment looked at how increasing the surface area of a substance affects the amount of bubbles created due to the presence of the enzyme catalase. The experiment used two pieces of fish‚ one whole and one ground up‚ which were then covered in hydrogen peroxide. This method allowed us to observe the catalase in ground up fish break down the hydrogen peroxide at a quicker rate than in the piece of fish left intact. This was determined
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MISEP Chemistry 512 – Jacobs Enzyme Catalyst Lab - Formal Report – August 8‚ 2007 ABSTRACT This investigation examined what would happen to the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if the concentration of substrate changed. We hypothesized that if the concentration increased‚ then the reaction rate would also increase. To test our question‚ we varied a combination of substrate and buffer‚ totaling 6mL‚ with a constant amount of 2 drops of catalyst. The enzyme catalyst‚ peroxidase‚ increased
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Lab 6.C Hypothesis: If enzyme activity is affected by the pH of a solution‚ then the enzymes will experience the greatest activity at a pH of 6. Variables: Independent Variables Dependent Variable Controls Four different pH values (10‚ 7‚ 6‚ and 3) Change in color of the solution The amount of potato extract‚ pH solution‚ and catechol used (1 cm +/- .1cm) Size of the test tubes Amount of time allowed for the catechol to sit with the potato extract and pH solution (20 minutes with 5
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