cheese. Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)‚ a bacteria that can be found in the production of cheese‚ its stress gene was investigated in the experiment by using various biochemical and genetic techniques to identify and extract. The characterisation of the strain illustrates how identification of strains differ using different methods‚ such as gram stain and 16s rRNA screening. After the characterisation‚ the stress gene isolation assist the further understanding of the gene on LAB be giving different stress
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milk Introduction Enzymes are globular protein‚ responsible for most of the chemical activities of living organisms. They are made up of long chains of amino acids containing carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen and nitrogen (Gunsch‚ 2012). The role of enzyme is to act as catalysts‚ substances that speed up chemical reactions without being chemically altered during the process. The speeding up of chemical reactions is done by lowering the activation energy required to start a reaction. Enzymes are specific in
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and Hydroxylamine on the Enzyme Peroxidase Extracted From Brassica rapa Abstract In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase was extracted from from a turnip‚ Brassica rapa‚ and tested under different conditions. The effects of temperature‚ boiling‚ pH‚ and a competitive inhibitor were tested. The enzyme was tested at temperatures of 4°C‚ 24°C‚ 32°C‚ and 48°C. As the temperature increased‚ so did the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was tested at pH levels of 3
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Investigating the Enzymatic Activity of Catecholase through Temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration University of Alabama at Birmingham Burgess‚ B.N. Introduction: Background Enzymes are macromolecules that act as catalysts in living organisms by speeding up chemical reactions without being changed or destroyed by the reaction (Campbell and Reece‚ 2008). Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy during the reaction
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This lab report will be detailing the steps taken and the results discovered when using spectrophotometry to determine the percentage of copper in a copper-clad penny and the thicknes of the copper layer on the copper-clad penny. After 1982‚ copper coating has been used in the creation of the penny because the cost of pure copper has increase to the point that the amount needed t omake a penny cost far more than the actual value of the penny. This lab allowed us to see just how much copper coating
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Lab Report 7: Analysis of Cereal Introduction: The objective of this lab was to consult for the FDA regarding a recently surfaced scandal involving false reporting of iron content in cereal as well as iron tablets. The makers of the cereal and the iron tablets‚ respectively‚ were allegedly reporting higher amounts of iron in their products than actually existed‚ as a way to save money but continue to provide products with “adequate” amounts of iron. The FDA needed consulting in order to analyze
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It is hypothesized that as the substrate concentration increases‚ the rate of reaction will increase respectively‚ until the enzyme reaches its optimum point of saturation‚ after which any increase in the substrate concentration will no longer affect the rate of reaction. The independent variable in this investigation is the varying concentrations of the substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide: 1%‚ 3%‚ 5% and 6%)The dependent variable was the rate of enzyme catalase activity‚ which was measured by the volume
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two Title: Enzyme Function Purpose: To observe the role of enzymes in chemical reactions and to determine the kinds of cells that contain more of the enzyme catalase. Prior Knowledge: Enzymes are proteins that assist the chemical reactions of a cell by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reactions‚ thereby enabling the cell to carry out the reactions at a faster rate; enzymes that lower the activation energy are therefore called catalysts. Moreover‚ the enzyme itself is
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2014 Biology 1 Cellular Processes Lab Section 903 Tianna Clarke Materials and Methods Part I – Restriction Enzyme Digestion To begin this experiment‚ the DNA molecules must be cut into smaller fragments with distinct enzymes called Restriction Enzymes through a process called Restriction Enzyme Digestion. Four microtest tubes were labeled 1 through 4 and added 10 µl of Enzyme Reaction Buffer to each of the four reaction tubes using a micropipette. DNA‚ and Enzyme 1 and 2‚ were then added to the
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Biology “Enzyme Activities” Introduction: Enzymes have extremely interesting properties that make them little chemical-reaction machines. The purpose of an enzyme in a cell is to allow the cell to carry out chemical reactions very quickly. These reactions allow the cell to build things or take things apart as needed. This is how a cell grows and reproduces. At the most basic level‚ a cell is really a little bag full of chemical reactions that are made possible by enzymes (Brain). Laboratory
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