Labour law also known as employment law deals with the body of laws‚ administrative rulings and precedents which addresses the legal rights of and restrictions on working people and their organizations1. The direct function of labour law is that it deals with the rules governing employment relationship. Labour law functions through the role accorded by common law‚ legislation and is helped also by the extra legal sources such as the customs and collective bargaining. Labour law is divided in to two
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What are Capital Markets? Capital markets are markets where people‚ companies‚ and governments with more funds than they need (because they save some of their income) transfer those funds to people‚ companies‚ or governments who have a shortage of funds (because they spend more than their income). Stock and bond markets are two major capital markets. Capital markets promote economic efficiency by channeling money from those who do not have an immediate productive use for it to those who do. 1.
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WHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING? 1. 2. Decision making process of selecting and evaluating longterm investments. Examples include the decision to replace equipment‚ to develop new product‚ or to build new shop at a new branch of operations. It is very crucial for companies to make the right decisions because these projects require a huge amount of cash outflow committed for many years. A right decision will increase the firm’s value as well as the shareholders’ wealth. A wrong decision will
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Capital Budgeting: Net Present Value vs Internal Rate of Return (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4 – Business Economics and Financial Mathematics) Y O Lam Capital budgeting assists decision makers in a company evaluate multiple investments of the company’s capital. Capital budgeting is used to plan for the acquisitions of other companies‚ for the development of new product lines of business‚ for the expansion of the existing production plants or for the replacement worn-out equipment‚ and
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1. Introduction Working capital management is considered to be a very important element to analyze the organizations’ performance while conducting day to day operations‚ by which balance can be maintained between liquidity and profitability. Maintaining liquidity on daily base operation to make sure it’s running and meets its commitment is a crucial part required in managing working capital. It is a difficult task for mangers to make sure that the business function running in well-organized
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-VW VW Ao A1 O Z -VW V= VW+VT N Workpiece Chip VT Cutting tool X Y Ao b=f N VT Absolut velocity a VW = f (x‚ y‚ z) VT = f (x‚ y‚ z) Basic condition of cutting Forces in the material of workpiece and tool makes strain that makes elastic and plastic deformation. (σ1 ) W ≥ (R m ) W (σ1 )T ≤ (σm )T HVT ≈ ( 3 ÷ 5 ) ⋅ HVW Main parameters of cutting procedure V V Vc=Vy Chip Vc=Vy O Z VZ X Y N N VX VX Cutting tool Workpiece
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CHAPTER 18 INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL BUDGETING SUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS QUESTIONS 1. Why is capital budgeting analysis so important to the firm? Answer: The fundamental goal of the financial manager is to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital investments with positive NPV or APV contribute to shareholder wealth. Additionally‚ capital investments generally represent large expenditures relative to the value of the entire firm. These
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Point Define: Treadmill of production – Schnaiburg 1980 theory –Because of the constant rejuvenation of markets (done by capitalists for money) society feels a constant pressure to update goods. This constant rejuvenation is done through exploiting our environment for raw materials B Movement to invest in off shore manufacturing – reduced cost of goods = more people can afford to purchase more goods A Offshore manufacturing – lower standards of environmental laws B Since UN conference of Environment
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it needed for its own pulp production. The excess was sold to several different mills‚ including the Blue Ridge Mill. Thus adding the new longwood equipment would mean that Prescott would no longer need to use the Shenandoah Mill as a shortwood supplier and that the Blue Ridge Mill would instead compete with the Shenandoah Mill by selling on the shortwood market. The question for Prescott was whether these expected benefits were enough to justify the $18 million capital outlay plus the incremental
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Capital Budgeting Read Chaptes 7‚8 & 9 Problems from Chapter 7 : 1 to 28 Chapter 8 : 1 to 23 Chapter 9 : 1 to 24 1. NET PRESENT VALUE A. The Basic Idea Net present value—the difference between the market value of an investment and its cost. While estimating cost is usually straightforward‚ finding the market value of assets can be tricky. The principle is to find the market price of comparables or substitutes. Perspectives: Using the text example (page 257)‚ the basic idea
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