Bio notes 2/4/13 Sunlight + 2H (little 2) O + 2O (little 2) - 2O (little 2) + C (little6) H (little 12) O (little6) Sunlight+ water+ carbon dioxide oxygen + glucose Supports all life on Earth Changing sunlight (solar energy) to glucose (chemical energy) Where? Leaves Leaf structures ------------------------------------------------- epidermis ------------------------------------------------- palisade mesophyll- top 1-2 layers under epidermis—very regular‚ column like‚ tightly packed
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attracted to the opposite charge on the water molecule. The polarity of water is important in repelling nonpolar compounds. Nonpolar compounds don’t dissolve well in water. Important to cell membranes in the body. The shape and function of cell membranes depend on the interaction of polar water with nonpolar membrane molecules. 15. 16. Acid: A chemical a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid substance‚ that neutralizes alkalis‚ dissolves some metals‚ and turns litmus red. Examples: citric
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Resting membrane potentials Definition: Large nerve fibers when not transmitting nerve signals is about 90 millivolt. That is‚ the potential inside the fiber is 90 millivolts more negative than the potential in the extracellular fluid on the outside of the fiber. The Na+-k+ pump also causes large concentration gradients for sodium and potassium across the resting nerve membrane. These gradients are the following: Sodium ( outside): 142 mEq/L Sodium ( inside): 14 mEq/L Potassium ( outside):
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Lab 3 – Homework 1. Purpose of today’s experiment: To determine the effect osmotic pressure might have on cellular membranes‚ specifically when beet slices are placed in NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. 2. Hypothesis: The osmolarity will directly increase with increasing NaCl concentrations. 3. Control = Distilled Water – this was present in all solutions 4. The independent variable – salinity of the 6 solutions; while predetermined‚ the NaCl concentrations varied from 0% to 15%.
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Bacterial Energetics and Membranes Abstract The Mg2+/Ca2+ ATP synthase present in all bacterial membranes‚ particularly E. coli‚ couples ATP synthesis to the proton (H+) gradient produced by the ETC‚ a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The gradient acts to power the ATPase‚ so that it may phosphorylate ADP to produce ATP. The reverse reaction of this process‚ or hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi‚ may be used to observe ATPase activity when the resulting Pi is quantitatively measured
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AP Bio Essay #1 To address this problem created by the lab tech‚ I would set up an experiment like the one we did in AP biology to identify the molarity of the unknown sucrose solutions. First I would pour an equal volume of each solution into beakers labeled A‚ B‚ C‚ and D. I would also have a beaker of the same amount of distilled water to serve as a control for the experiment. Then I would obtain several baby carrots‚ 4 per beaker. I would mass the groups of 4 potatoes before placing them
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Bio Review: Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things Diversity- all the different kinds of life on Earth Species Diversity- variety of species‚ abundance of the species in a given area Genetic Diversity- variation of genes within a species Ecosystem Diversity- diverse range of habitats‚ various organisms within habitats & relationships between them Prokaryotes Eukaryote Appearance Size - Always smaller - 1000x larger DNA structure - Plasmid (one strand circular DNA) - Dna in nucleoid
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Properties of Gases General Chemistry 1 Lab 5 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the properties of several gasses‚ which were the products of a reaction‚ and examine the way the gasses react under certain conditions. These conditions‚ such as introducing a flame to the gas as well as oxygen and CO2‚ caused other reactions to occur. Hypothesis: If the gasses are correctly synthesized then there will be a clear reaction with the introduction of the flame‚ O2‚ CO2‚ Air
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molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. OSMOSIS= Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE=a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others cell membrane‚ cyto-membrane‚ plasma membrane - a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids)
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have a huge impact on the communication between cells. Cell communication is a crucial process necessary for cells to carry out various functions. Drugs such as Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‚ known as ecstasy‚ can create barriers or confusion to cells. Cell to cell communication carry messages from signaling cells to target cells. Usually a cell will bind with a target cell through a receptor protein in the plasma membrane of the target cell
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