particle theory All matter consists of many very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion. Use of the general term ‘particle’ means the precise nature of the particle does not have to be specified. The particles may be ions‚ atoms or molecules. The particle theory of matter states: ● all matter is made up of tiny particles ● these particles are in a continual state of motion ● matter is held together by very strong electric forces ● the empty spaces between the
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|1 |Freezer & refrigerator or ice-bath | | | |1 |Spoon | |LabPaq provides | |1 |Cheesecloth 5”x10" | | | |1 |Detergent‚ Liquid‚ 15 mL in a dropper
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DEFINITIONS OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION (REDOX) This page looks at the various definitions of oxidation and reduction (redox) in terms of the transfer of oxygen‚ hydrogen and electrons. It also explains the terms oxidising agent and reducing agent. Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen transfer Definitions • Oxidation is gain of oxygen. • Reduction is loss of oxygen. For example‚ in the extraction of iron from its ore: [pic] Because both reduction and oxidation are going on side-by-side
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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corrosion‚ they change into metallic ions. In some cases‚ the product of corrosion itself forms a protective coating. "For example‚ aluminium forms a thin protective oxide layer which is impervious to air and water. In other cases (e.g. iron)‚ however‚ the coating either flakes off or is pervious to both air and water. So the whole piece of metal can corrode right through." The most common forms of metallic corrosion are caused by electrochemical reactions‚ wherein two metallic phases (e.g.‚ iron oxide
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chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical bonding are called valence electrons. Bonding electrons: The valence
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Jarriette kenn D Patenio Jaymar patana Job madronal Do all ideal gases have the same molar volume? An ideal gas has the following equation of state (an equation which relates various thermodynamic properties for a substance‚ such as pressure‚ temperature and molar volume): Pv = RT P - pressure v - molar volume R - universal gas constant T - absolute temperature Clearly the molar volume depends on temperature and pressure‚ so if two gases are at different conditions then they
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Flame Tests By: Jordan Anthony‚ Zack Balog‚ and Evan Degraw Regents Chemistry class‚ Union Springs High School‚ 4th period January 19/2015 The purpose of this lab was to see what colors are characteristic of particular metallic ions in a flame test and use their characteristic color to identify other elements. Another purpose is to understand how fireworks work. This experiment will help one understand how a flame test is performed and that every metal has a unique bright
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In these oxides‚ all the outer electrons in the Period 3 element are being involved in the bonding - from just the one with sodium‚ to all seven of chlorine’s outer electrons. The structures The trend in structure is from the metallic oxides containing giant structures of ions on the left of the period via a giant covalent oxide (silicon dioxide) in the middle to molecular oxides on the right. Melting and boiling points The giant structures (the metal oxides and silicon dioxide) will have high melting
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Materials Student Provides: Distilled Water 2 Clean Sheets of Paper 1 Paper Towel 1 Pair of Scissors LabPaq Provides: 1 Digital Scale 1 50 mL Plastic Graduated Cylinder 1 Pair of Safety Goggles 1 Spatula 6 Test Tubes‚ 13 x 100 mm in Bubble Bag 1 Test Tube Rack‚ 6 x 13 mm 1 Dual Magnifier 1 Rubber Stopper 1 Marking Pencil 1 Test Tube
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