The purpose of this article is to express evidence that microcins mediate interspecies as well as intraspecies competition among Enterobacteriaceae in the inflamed gut. Enterobacteriaceae are known as a family of gram-negative bacteria that comprise of commensal organisms‚ primary and opportunistic pathogens that are a part of the leading causes of illness and death. Microcins are proteins that contain antimicrobial activity in vitro. The experiment in this article is not based on the collection
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The problem that was required to be investigated in this laboratory experiment was to determine which type of cleaning product would be able to prevent the most bacterial growth when placed in a neutral environment. In order to answer this problem‚ 8 different disinfectants were tested‚ including sterile water‚ and their after two days their zones of inhibition were measured and recorded. A hypothesis that was formulated before experimenting was‚ “If the type of disinfectant is Mouthwash‚ then it
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Levishon and kleven (2000) discussed that the most dramatic disease of M. gallisepticum was chronic respiratory disease in meat type birds‚ often as one of several aetiological agents in a multi-factorial disease complex. Phenotypic variation of major surface antigens occurs at high frequency which was a probable explanation for chronic infection by M. gallisepticum despite a strong immune response. Bradbury et al. (2001) mentioned that avian Mycoplasma was caused by several pathogenic Mycoplasmas
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Oxygen Requirements of Bacteria BACKGROUND The GasPak system is useful for culturing anaerobic bacteria on standard microbiological media because the GasPak generates carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen will combine with oxygen present in an anaerobic jar to produce water. This system can reproducibly attain oxygen levels in the parts per million range if used correctly. This is the best method for determining the oxygen requirements of unknown organisms. A candle jar is useful
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Clostridium tetani is a bacteria which can be found in soil and faeces‚ and causes the disease Tetanus. [Human Illnesses]. Clostridium tetani bacteria reproduce by binary fission because they are a bacteria. [St Margaret’s College]. In binary fission‚ bacteria reproduce by splitting themselves in half on a regular basis. [St Margaret’s College]. In ideal conditions‚ the Clostridium tetani bacteria may reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes. [St Margaret’s College]. To live and reproduce by
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Necrotizing Fasciitis is a bacterial skin infection that is caused by one or more bacteria that enters one’s skin through a cut or wound. It can be fatal if not treated in time. Necrotizing Fasciitis is commonly known as the ‘flesh eating infection’ that occurs suddenly and spreads extremely fast. It corrodes the skin and the tissue beneath it. It can be caused by one or more bacteria‚ for example Streptococcus pyogenes‚ Kebsiella‚ Bacteroides and more. Approximately 700 hundred cases are recorded
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The term pneumonia is applied to many pulmonary infections which are most often caused by bacteria. Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common and is referred to as typical pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia is caused by other microorganisms such as fungi‚ protozoa‚ and viruses. The difference between them were discovered in 1883 by Friedlander and Talamon. Streptococcus pneumoniae was first discovered by Pasteur who isolated it from saliva in a person who had rabies in 1881. Depending
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A study conducted by Krawitz and colleagues in 2011 where the black elderberry was seen as a beneficial herbal supplement for treating influenza and bacterial infection through the enhancement of cytokine production and T cell activation. Sambucus nigra contains anthocyanins‚ which is a bioactive compound that responsible for colors such as red‚ purple‚ or blue. In addition‚ it also provides various health benefits. Studies of anthocyanins for animal and in vitro reduced necrotic and apoptotic cell
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Cystitis is a chronic disease of the bladder that is caused by deficiencies in the lining of the bladder‚ which allow irritants in the urine to leak through the coating of the bladder into the interstitium where all the nerves and nerve endings are located. Cystitis is a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria call Escherichia coli usually it occurs when then urethra and bladder become infected the area becomes irritated and inflamed. Cystitis is common in both sexes and all
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Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive‚ commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals [1].E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Moreover‚ the antibiotic resistance exhibited at high levels by E. faecalis contributes to its pathogenicity [2]. Several reports state that enterococcal species possess the property of causing a variety of diseases in humans [3‚ 4]. It is known from previous studies that Enterococcus faecalis can cause endocarditis
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