Chemical bonds are what make up the world. In bonds‚ elements are held together and form compounds that may have new physical and chemical properties. There are two main kinds of bonds‚ they ionic and covalent. In bonding the goal of the atoms involved is to reach a level of stability with less energy. In order to reach the epitome of stability‚ as in the case of noble gases‚ an atom strives to complete its outer shell. Either losing or gaining electrons may do this‚ which concludes in an ionic bond
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CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds
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An intensive property is a physical quantity whose value does not depend on the amount of the substance for which it is measured. For example‚ the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium is the same as the temperature of any part of it. If the system is divided the temperature of each subsystem is identical. The same applies to the density of a homogeneous system: if the system is divided in half‚ the mass and the volume change in the identical ratio and the density remains unchanged. According
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THERMOPHYSICAL‚ AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FRUITS AND FRUIT PRODUCTS 4.1. INTRODUCTION Most processed and many freshly consumed fruits receive some type of heating or cooling during handling or manufacturing. Design and operation of processes involving heat transfer needs special attention due to heat sensitivity of fruits. Both theoretical and empirical relationships used when designing‚ or operating‚ heat processes need knowledge of the thermal properties of the foods under consideration
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Department of Chemistry Observations of Chemical Changes Submitted by Date Submitted: 5/30/2012 Date Performed: 5/30/2012 Lab Section: Chem-181DL1 Course Instructor: Purpose The purpose of the experiment Observation of Chemical Changes is to examine the properties of chemical reaction and relate those reactions to products commonly found in a home environment. Through this experiment someone can macroscopically analyze whether a solution
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PTU/BOS/Ch/101/30-12-2004/ BATCH 2004 Punjab Technical University‚ Jalandhar B.Tech. Chemical Engg. Scheme of Syllabi ( 3rd Semester ) Sr. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Course Code Ch-201 Ch-203 Ch-205 Ch-207 Ch-209 Ch-211 Ch-213 Ch-215 Ch-217 Course Title Mechanical Operations Numerical Methods in Chemical Engineering Organic & Biotechnology Chemical Process Calculations Fluid Flow Strength of Materials Strength of Materials Lab. Fluid Flow Lab. Numerical Methods in Chem. Engg. Lab. L 3 3
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Chemical Engineering Overview The Field - Preparation - Day in the Life - Industries - Earnings Employment - Professional Development - Career Path Forecast Professional Organizations The Field It would take too long to list all the products that are impacted by chemical engineers‚ but knowing what industries employ them may help you comprehend the scope of their work. Chemical engineers work in manufacturing‚ pharmaceuticals‚ healthcare‚ design and construction‚ pulp and paper‚ petrochemicals
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Write an explanation of how any two factors affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. How do these factors affect the chemical structure and properties of the enzyme. Many things can affect the rate of enzyme activity. The temperature of the enzyme‚ the pH of the solution‚ the concentration of the enzyme‚ substrate and the product. Also‚ another affector is the number of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. As I cannot explain them all‚ I have chosen to explain the effect of temperature
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic
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SCIENCE AND COMPUTER STUDIES PHYSICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT GENERAL CHEMISTRY I LABORATORY (CHEM210L) S.Y 2013-2014 SCIENTIFIC PAPER CHEMICAL PERIODICITY MARIE JOE A. ALTERADO JUNE 31‚ 2013 CPE32 AUGUST 7‚ 2013 GROUP NO. 1 ENGR. IMELDA C. GALERA ABSTRACT The chemical periodicity was demonstrated by using different samples of Group IA‚ IIA and IVA elements. Each of the samples was placed in a test tubes and the physical state‚ color‚ and appearance
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