Chemistry All about matter There are three different stages of matter: Solid‚ Liquid and Gas Solid (s): Have a certain volume and shape. “Particles” are arranged in a specific crystalline patter and they only vibrate around fixed positions. Liquid (l): Have a fixed volume‚ but not shape. The particles have some freedom and can move around each other. They collide often. Gas (g): Doesn’t have a fix volume or shape. (Takes up the space where it is) Particles move freely in all space available
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have the same characteristic properties. Therefore‚ we can say that a mixture contains more than one substance. Fig. 2.1: Some consumable items Have you ever noticed the word ‘pure’ written on the packs of these consumables? For a common person pure means having no adulteration. But‚ for a scientist all these things are actually mixtures of different substances and hence not pure. For example‚ milk is actually a mixture of water‚ fat‚ proteins etc. When a scientist says that something is pure
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is matter? Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass 2. Explain how to classify matter. (Homogeneous‚ Heterogeneous‚ Mixture‚ Pure Substance)? HOMOGENEOUS Matter that is made up of the same or alike particles Can’t see what makes it up Looks uniform HETEROGENEOUS Matter that is made up of different types of particles Can see what makes it up Mixture A material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated Either Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Ex: Salsa‚ Cake
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Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. Exists in three different states: solid (s)‚ liquid (l) and gas (g) The Particle Theory: “All matter is made up of small‚ indivisible particles called atoms that are continuously moving” | Solid | Liquid | Gas | Particle Position | Closely packed.Vibrations only. | Less closely packed.Vibrations and translations. | Widely spread. Rapid translation. | Volume
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specific melting point‚ within one or two degrees Celsius. This is in opposition to a mixed‚ or contaminated substance‚ which will have a broad melting range. Therefore‚ when we mix our unknown with samples of phenacetin and acetanilide‚ whichever mixture has a more accurate melting point will tell us what our unknown is. It is also important to make sure that the resulting melting points are close to what the proven melting points of the substances are. Reaction Name of substance structure
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water to determine their solubility. 4. Mix some of the Iron and Sulfur on a clean disposable dish and examine the mixture with a magnifying glass and magnet. Record your observations in the data table. Save and label this mixture. 5. Mix some of the sand and Sodium Chloride on a clean disposable dish and examine the mixture with a magnifying glass and magnet. Then‚ place this mixture in a clean 100-mL beaker. Add 30 mL of tap water and stir. Prepare a filtration setup‚ filter‚ and record your observations
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components of the Earth contain mixtures Construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered 1. Build a word equation Reactants on left‚ Products on right 2. Convert word equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present (s) = solid‚ (l) = liquid‚ (g) = gas‚ (aq)
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acid Fine powdery white solid crystals 95% ethanol Clear colorless liquid Acetyl chloride Clear colorless liquid with gas escaping from container FeCl3 Clear colorless liquid Commercial aspirin Fine powdery white solid crystals I2/KI Deep black liquid KMnO4 Brownish liquid Phosphoric acid Clear colorless liquid Table 2. Preparation of Aspirin. Description Salicylic acid + Acetyl chloride Cloudy white liquid with undissolved white powder Mixture at room temp White cloudy
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which a compound or mixture of compounds is transferred from one phase into another. We will be looking specifically at an organic solvent extraction which is a type of solid-liquid extraction. This type of extraction utilizes an organic solvent that has a high affinity for the compound of interest. Most reactions produce a crude mixture of undesired reagent‚ byproducts‚ as well as the desired product. Extraction allows for the separation of a compound from a complex mixture. The different components
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September 25‚ 2013 Lab Section: CHE110L*Z Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to use two common laboratory methods to see how mixtures can be separated based on physical properties. Paper chromatography will be used to separate the dye colors from M&M candy to see which colors contain yellow #5. Gravimetric separation will be used to separate salt and sand from a mixture. Procedure The procedure for this lab can be found on pages 16 – 30 in “General Chemistry CHE110L Laboratory Manual Fall 2013”
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