depletion as substrates are oxidized for their electrons that O2 accepts while being reduced to water. Here‚ we focus on Mg2+/Ca2+ ATPase magnesium dependence‚ its sensitivity to inhibition by DCCD‚ as well as ETC activity in the presence of NADH and malonate‚ and inhibition by KCN. Introduction Producing ATP is an important feature of all living cells. There are various ATP synthetases that utilize different methods to achieve ATP production. However‚ the need of an ion gradient to power ADP phosphorylation
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Introduction In this lab‚ caproic acid was synthesized in a multi-step process that involved the synthesis of three intermediates – diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ and n-butyl malonic acid respectively. An IR was used to characterize the starting material‚ n-bromobutane‚ and the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate; while IR and NMR were used to characterize the final product‚ caproic acid. Reactions‚ Mechanism and Theory Caproic acid a.k.a n-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic
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Experiment IV: Study of Krebs cycle using Mitochondria from Mung Bean Seedlings INTRODUCTION The mitochondria is a very important organelle in the plant cell because it carries out very important cellular reactions in the cell like the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation which is how the plants produce ATP from the pyruvate produced through glycolysis (Meyer and Millar‚ 2008). Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP for the plant which is not enough for the cell to function while the Krebs cycle
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as the carbanion source‚ where X and Y are the electron withdrawing groups such as –CN‚-COOR‚-COR‚ NO2‚ etc. These groups are capable of stabilizing an adjacent carbanion by resonance. So in this experiment‚ the Knoevenagel Condensation of diethyl malonate with aromatic aldehyde salicylaldehyde involves an initial aldol-type addition followed by a spontaneous dehydration. The final step forms a lactone ring‚ generating the heterocyclic ring system known as Coumarin. One of the best known synthetic
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| Conc. HNO3‚ 50% NaOH | Nitration substitution in Benzene ring | aromatic amino acids | yellow precipitate then turns orange when neutralized with NaOH | clear solution‚ no change in color | Hopkins-Cole | Hopkins-Cole reagent | Condensation of indole group with glyoxylic acid and H2SO4 | tryptophan | Violet ring at the junction where the two layers meet | Absence of purple ring | * Acid hydrolysis is a better procedure than Alkaline hydrolysis because of the less destruction of amino acids
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Cyra Vose Klebsiella Pneumoniae #34 MCB 2010C Friday 9:00am Introduction: On November 16‚ 2012 at 0900 I was given case #34. Mr. Joe Blough presented with a sudden high fever (103 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) and mentioned he felt dizzy and had the chills. During this visit Mr. Blough seemed to be coughing and producing sputum. This sputum was thick and had some blood present. I had my assistant collect a sample of the sputum so we could run some tests and hopefully correctly diagnose Mr. Blough
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INTRODUCTION The Gram Negative lab had two parts; the aim of the first part is to determine the concentration of gram negative bacteria in a water sample collected from a creek near Providence Road‚ Strickling. Gram negative bacteria have a cytoplasmic membrane‚ a thin peptidoglycan layer‚ and an additional outer membrane composed of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. Because gram negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall when compared to gram positive organisms‚ they are consequently
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31 October 2011 Identification and observations of Citrobacter Freundii Introduction Citrobacter Freundii is a species of bacteria that can be potentially harmful to humans. It is known to cause meningitis by protruding into the brain and replicating itself (1). The Citrobacter species has also been found as a cause of some urinary tract infections‚ diarrhea‚ and even gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms (3). C. Freundii can be located in a wide variety of soils and water (3). Lastly‚ it is
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Pure Culture Techniques In this first lab‚ you will be learning some very fundamental and important techniques. As is the case with most things‚ shorts cuts usually get you in trouble. This is especially true in Microbiology. The techniques you will be learning tonight‚ if mastered correctly‚ will make your life and learning experience in Microbiology much easier‚ if you don’t pay attention and practice these techniques incorrectly‚ well then……? Today you will be learning the following techniques:
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identified and streaked on to MUG Sorbitol MacConkey agar plates. Non sorbitol fermenting and nonfluorescent colonies were identified as EHEC. Tzschoppe et al. (2012) carried out enrichment of spiked samples of ready-to-eat salads in Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth (BRILA) for 6 h. After enrichment‚ samples were plated on to selective Chromocult Tryptone Bile X-Glucuronide agar (TBX) and incubated at 44 °C overnight. This was sufficient to detect 1 to 10 EHEC from spiked
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