CHM 2046 L Scheme of Analysis for Unknown 9A/9B “Fair Game” Unknowns * Cations: Na+‚ K+‚ NH4+‚ Ca2+‚ Mg(H2O)62+‚ Al(H2O)63+‚ Zn(H2O)62+‚ Cu(H2O)2+‚ Ag(H2O)+ * Anions: Cl-‚ NO3-‚ SO4-2‚ HSO4-‚ OH-‚ CO3-2‚ HCO3-‚ S-2 * Insoluble Salts: Ca(OH)2‚ CaCO3‚ CaSO4‚ Mg(OH)2‚ MgCO3‚ Ag2O‚ AgCl‚ Ag2S‚ CuO‚ CuCO3‚ CuS‚ Zn(OH)2‚ ZnCO3‚ ZnS * Alums: [Al(OH2)6]2(SO4)3∙6H2O‚ Na[Al(OH2)6](SO4)2∙6H2O‚ K[Al(OH2)6](SO4)2∙6H2O‚ NH4[Al(OH2)6]2(SO4)2∙6H2O * Hydrated Ions: Na2CO3∙10H2O‚ Na2SO4∙10H2O
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TITLE PAGE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SODIUM SALICYLATE OINTMENT INTENDED FOR TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC DELIVERY BY MUOBIKE MAKUO 2005/136609 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. PHARM) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. PROJECT SUPERVISOR: DR. I. V. ONYISHI OCTOBER‚ 2012. APPROVAL PAGE This is to certify
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Experiment 1 Separation of Mixtures Summary of Principles: Most of the materials we encounter in everyday life are not pure substances. Many materials such as sand are formed from physical combination of various substances‚ and are called mixtures. Mixtures can be classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous. The purpose of this lab is to learn how to separate individual components from a mixture through decantation‚ filtration‚ distillation‚ and crystallization. Pre-Lab Questions: Attached
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Chapter 8: Salts 1. Salts A salt is an ionic compound. The anion part comes from the acid while the cation part comes from a base. Example: KCl‚ KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2O(l) A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion. H+ from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion‚ NH4+. Salts Nitrate salts Carbonate salts Chloride salts Soluble All nitrate salts Potassium carbonate‚ K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate‚ (NH4)2CO3 Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3 All chloride salts Except Sulphate salts
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APPENDIX A: Interim Report 1. Introduction – aim & objective Oil & Gas industry are facing extreme challenges especially as the demand of oil resources is growing every day. The extraction of oil is becoming more technically and geographically challenging as we are going deeper under severe conditions i.e. pressures and temperatures and using complex systems. These complex system and extreme conditions like in wide range of fluids‚ temperatures
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Separation of a Mixture of Solids I really enjoyed this lab. After reading the introduction I started by making my own flow sheet of how I thought this lab would work. I was reminded about solubility which is defined as the amount of the solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent and that the extent to which a substance dissolves depends mainly upon the physical properties of the solvent and of the solute and to some extent upon the solvent’s temperature. With that being said I came
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when there is only need to confirm the presence of proteins‚ a simple visual check for color change is enough. EMULSION TEST FOR lIPIDS The lipids are a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents The emulsion test is a method to determine the presence of lipids using wet chemistry. The procedure is for the sample to be suspended in ethanol‚ allowing lipids present to dissolve (lipids are soluble in alcohols)
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purpose of this lab is to understand the concept of purification through crystallization. Crystallization is the process of purifying a substance‚ with the most adequate solvent. The process of crystallization came to be based on the principle of solubility. First‚ we must choose a solvent. The solvent is crucial to crystallization because it’s what will allow impurities to dissolve. Therefore‚ when selecting a solvent it is important that it does not cause a chemical or flammable reaction to the substance
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The Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds Sunshine Marie Introduction Each year‚ many thousands of new or unknown organic compounds are prepared or extracted from natural sources such as plants‚ fungi and animals. In order to identify an unknown organic compound or the components of a mixture of organic compounds‚ it is necessary firstly to separate and purify the compounds. At any given temperature‚ a certain number of molecules of a substance in the liquid state have sufficient
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amount of sample in vial and add three drops of 6 M NaOH. Cautiously sniff and suspend DIW dampened red Litmus paper to test for NH3+‚ if necessary. If smells strongly of ammonia and turns suspended litmus paper blue‚ NH4+ is present. Sample Solubility and Solution Tests *For DIW-soluble sample‚ dissolve about ½- 2/3 of sample in about 10-15 mL DIW. pH Test Fill several vials with solution‚ and determine pH using indicators (starting with HBtB) pH 1.5: HSO4- must be present‚ and OH- must
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