by mass of acetic acid‚ CH3COOH in vinegar. Acetic acid is monoprotic and belongs to the carboxyl family of organic compounds. The titration method is used to neutralize the acids by using the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. It reacts with bases which is sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH to form salt and water. The equivalence point of this neutralization reaction can be determined using a chemical indicator to signal the endpoint. The graph should be plotting to take reading of the equivalence point
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Abstract The aim of this experiment was to determine which of the samples of vinegar if any had been watered down‚ to complete this task a sample of commercial vinegar was tested twice using titration and an average was taken of the two samples to give a base line to compare the potentially tampered samples against. Introduction Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH)‚ which in turn was previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the production
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unknown Na2CO3 was 25.83% Introduction1 The purpose of this experiment was to determine the actual pH at each point during the titration of a sodium carbonate unknown with the use of pH meter. An acid-base titration is a procedure which is used to determine the concentration of an acid or base. A measured volume of
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Red Cabbage Indicator Indicators are chemical compounds that can be added to a solution to determine whether it is acidicor alkaline. The indicator will change colour depending on whether an acid or an alkali is added. The colour in red cabbage (it is a pigment called an anthocyanin) makes a very good indicator. Acids and alkalis Acids have a sour taste‚ like vinegar (which contains ethanoic acid) and lemons (which contain citric acid). Alkalis are substances that react with acids and neutralise
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curve is expected to start out fairly acidic (pH= 2.80) because the initial specie is the HC2H3O2 itself. As more base is being added‚ the solution reaches its buffer region wherein the acid and base neutralize each other. It can be identified on the titration curve where the pH does not change abruptly. Here‚ the main species are HC2H3O2 and C2H3O2- wherein any small addition of base‚ the OH- reacts with the H+ to form water. This will lower the [C2H3O2-] so the equilibrium will shift to the right
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D. REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE (By: Mary Deo Luigi J. Mabunay 1N-3) Objective: To determine the reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones when combined with Sodium Hydroxide. Process: * Obtain 5 clean and dry test tubes * Put 2mL of 40% NaOH solution to test tubes 1‚ 2 and 3 and on test tubes 4 and 5‚ put 10% NaOH solution * Add 10 drops of the following solution: * Tube 1: formaldehyde * Tube 2: benzaldehyde * Tube 3: acetaldehyde
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This according to the legend indicates a definite base. For bleach‚ our prediction was that it would be a base. When we held our dry pH paper over it‚ nothing much happened except a little corner of the litmus paper turned dark blue. This led us to assume that it is a base. Moist pH paper was used to test the ammonium carbonate as they were smelling salts. The paper turned the same blue/green color‚ indicating that ammonium carbonate is also a base. Most stains are acidic‚ and therefore it would be
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separating organic compounds by utilizing the concept of acid/base chemistry in so that separation can be done. INTRODUCTION Using acid base chemistry in the separation of substances can be a quite useful technique in organic chemistry. A basic extraction can be carried out by applying a hot solvent such as water to a dry substance like coffee. This will allow for the extraction of caffeine and flavor from the coffee beans. Acid base chemistry can be useful in separating neutral‚ basic‚ and acidic
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levels using a standard wide-range indicator. Based off of the results obtained in the lab room‚ fill in the following table: Solution Number pH from Lab Acid‚ Base or Neutral? Solution Name (what was in the test tube?) Solution 1 6 Neutral Water Solution 2 0 Acid Lemon Juice Solution 3 12 Base Bleach Solution 4 5 Base Coffee 1. How many drops of wide range indicator will you use for each test‚ based on industry standards such as the LaMotte field test? 1 drop Section 2: Now
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check the acidity and record result. Safety precaution: * Acid and base are corrosive‚ irritating to the skin and often release choking vapor. So avoid in contact with your skin‚ eye and skin protection should always be worn when using them. * Transfer by dropper only small amounts at a time. * Have alkali or acid on hand for neutralization in order to minimize the threat caused by accident spill of acid or base. * Neutralization
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