Language Planning: Nature and Goals 1. INTRODUCTION Using the definition of language planning from Coulmas (2005: 186) which reads thus; “Language planning involves making informed choices about language…” as a point of departure‚ this essay will attempt to firstly provide a thorough definition of the notion of language planning‚ as well as explain the relation between language planning and language policy. Secondly‚ this essay will define and discuss ideological language planning and normative
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1 India has about a billion people and a dozen major languages of its own. One language‚ and only one‚ is understood-by an elite-across the country: that of the foreigners who ruled it for less than 200 years and left 52 years ago. After 1947‚ English had to share its official status with north India’s Hindi and was due to lose it in 1965. It did not happen: Southern India said no. 2 Today‚ India. Tomorrow‚ unofficially‚ the world. [fhe spread of English] is well under way; at first‚ because the
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theories and approaches of language learning and teaching also affects the history of language testing. Therefore‚ it is common to see evolution of both language teaching and language testing. There has been a shift from analytical to integrative approach in both language teaching and language testing falling into three stages: ❖ Grammar –translation ❖ Structural ❖ Communicative Approach These three generations of language teaching are seen parallel
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great deal more frequent‚ without translating or aligning the spelling to traditional norms. The large number of notorious occasion is the insertion of the word email or e-mail for Spanish users instead of the more literal interpretation in the same language and this really is used only in Spain where Anglo words have not been adopted as part of their vocabulary. All of these differences really are evident in recently adopted industry terms. In Latina America they communicate differently‚ using common
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Standardized Evaluation Grids The Sample Evaluation Grids/Rubrics on the following pages are intended to guide teachers in creating their own assessment grids for their courses while keeping in mind the importance of maintaining clear department standards for our core courses. The explanations within the sample grids should provide teachers with the necessary information to follow similar marking procedures and to make similar decisions about the marks students receive on their essays. Although
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Albanian language Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people‚ primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an indigenous Albanian population‚ including western Macedonia‚ southern Montenegro‚ southern Serbia and northwestern Greece. Albanian is also spoken in centuries-old Albanian colonies in southern Greece‚ southern Italy‚ Sicily‚ and Ukraine. Additionally‚ speakers of Albanian can be found elsewhere throughout
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Science Of Sarf .................................................................................................... 22 The Science Of Arabic Grammar ............................................................................... 23 Map Of The Arabic Language ..................................................................................... 26 Parts Of Speech .......................................................................................................... 27 Definitions Of ( اسمism)‚ (
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In most Asian families‚ most kids’ first language is their native language. My first language is English but my second language is Vietnamese. It has always been equally important to me in my life. My parents spoke English‚ but little of it. As I was getting a little older‚ one day I heard my parents talking in Vietnamese and it was something about me because they said my name‚ I got really curious and asked them. They would not tell me anything and would just laugh so it made me angry. I realized
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Languages‚ dialects and slang of Sweden Introduction My research will be how the language variation in Sweden looks today‚ and I will give some information about the Swedish language and other spoken languages in Sweden. I will also look into the sub-dialects called `Rinkebyswedish`‚ ´Swenglish” and slang language. Swedish is now officially the main language of Sweden and is spoken approximately by 10 million people. Although until 2009 it was not the official language. The reason for that was
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"English as a Second Language" What is an ESL Learner?English as a Second Language* students are those whose primary language(s) of the home is/are other than English‚ and who therefore require additional services in order to develop their individual potential within British Columbia’s school system. Some students speak variations of English that differ significantly from the English used in broader Canadian Society and in school.* In some literature‚ this is referred to as English
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