to the beginning of the 16th century when electric fish were used to treat headaches. Electroconvulsive therapy on humans originates from research in the 1930’s into the effects of camphor-induced seizures in people with schizophrenia (Guttmacher‚ 1994). In 1938‚ two Italian researchers‚ Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini‚ were the first to use an electric current to induce a seizure in a delusional‚ hallucinating‚ schizophrenic man. The man fully recovered after eleven treatments. This led to a rapid
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studies have been conducted to examine why people feel the way they do towards events or situations they perceive as not their stereotypical “norm” or feeling uncertain as to why someone did what they did. In a study by Gifford Weary and John A. Edwards (1994)‚ they define this uncertainty about one’s inability to comprehend or identify causal relationships or causal conditions in society as causal uncertainty (CU). Whether you are trying to make sense of why your best friend does not want to go out to
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Machiavelli justifies the use of violence by stating that it can be used in the interests of safeguarding the state (Machiavelli 1994‚ 48). He makes this bold statement since he believes people are by nature envious and this bad nature stops them from making reasonable compromises and decisions even though those decisions could actually be in their best interests (Machiavelli 1994‚ 82). He goes on to claim that although everyone wants freedom for himself or herself‚ they will always have feel the need
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National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies‚ ed (Zed Books LTD‚ The United Nations University‚ 1994) Women Embracing Islam: Gender and Conversion in the West‚ ed Nalla Minai‚ Women in Islam: Tradition and Transition in the Middle East. (United States: Seaview Books‚ 1981) Islam: Islam‚ Globalization and Postmodernity‚ ed. By Akbar S. Ahmed and Hastings Donnan. (London: Routledge‚ 1994) [ 2 ]. Women Embracing Islam: Gender and Conversion in the West‚ ed. By Karin Van Nieuwkerk. (United States
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while incorporating these claims‚ is a broader concept. It includes not only altering the advertising of a product but also a variety of activities such as altering production processes‚ changing packaging and modifying products. (Polonsky‚ 1994) Polonsky (1994) defines green marketing as: “…. all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants‚ such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs‚ with minimal detrimental impact on the natural
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<center><b>Assess the claim that gender inequalities in the domestic and occupational divisions of labour are best understood with reference to the concept of patriarchy. You should illustrate your answer with reference to a range of feminist perspectives.</b></center> <br> <br><b>Introduction</b> <br>Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the women¡¦s subordinate position. For two hundred years‚ patriarchy precluded
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Miguel Barnet’s Biography of a Runaway Slave: Testimonial Literature as History Few documentary sources exist from the Caribbean islands and the Latin American mainland written by Africans or their descendants that describe their life under enslavement. In Brazil‚ two mulatto abolitionists wrote sketchy descriptions of their personal experiences‚ and one autobiography of a black man was published before emancipation. In contrast‚ several thousand slave narratives and eight full-length autobiographies
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The United Nations The United Nations is an organization of sovereign nations not a world government. It provides the machinery to help find solutions to disputes or problems‚ and to deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity. It does not legislate like a national parliament. But in the meeting rooms and corridors of the UN‚ representatives of almost all countries of the world large and small‚ rich and poor‚ with varying political views and social systems have a voice
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covered tax equalization‚ goods and services‚ housing‚ the actual move and settling in‚ sale or rental of the principle residence‚ relocation allowances‚ living expenses‚ education‚ vacation‚ leave‚ post allowance and smooth transitions (Rosenzweig‚ 1994). The assignment policy was progressive‚ permitting applicants a 5 day pre-acceptance tour. The language courses at the company’s expense were paramount. Overall‚ the company sought to address both the expatriate and his family’s quality of life
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and two national governments (Fairweather‚ 1994). While an overall success the project suffered from many planning and management mistakes that caused it to be grossly over budget and late. One of the key mistakes that befell the project was also one of the costliest. The contract that was entered into between Eurotunnel and Transmache Link (TML) for the terminals and the mechanical and electrical equipment was a lump-sum contract (Fairweather‚ 1994). This decision was driven by the desire of
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