The History of Public Utilities A public utility is a business that supplies an amenity to the public at large. Public utilities provide water‚ electricity‚ natural gas‚ telephone service‚ trash and other essentials. With the rise of the cellular phone the telephone utility has seen a decrease in use. Typically a public utility has a natural monopoly on the service it provides. It is more economically efficient to have only one business provide the service. When it comes to charging for the services
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MARGINAL AND ABSORPTION COSTING Marginal costing is a technique in which production units are valued at marginal cost of production and fixed costs are written off as period costs. It follows that‚ stocks are valued using only the variable cost of production whereas fixed costs are treated as relating to the period and must be taken off in total. Management accounting is based on marginal costing. TERMINOLOGY USED. Gross contribution: Is the difference between sales value and variable costs
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Consumer Behavior – the theory of utility • The theory of consumer behaviour may be analysed by either utility theory and / or indifference curve analysis. • Note: this course only requires students to be aware of utility theory. Indifference curve analysis is undertaken in year 2 and is not a requirement of this course Basic Principles of the theory of Consumer Behaviour • Consumers are rational optimisers • Consumers seek to maximise total utility • Utility is achieved by the consumption of
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top five when it comes to dangerous jobs. However‚ for my informative speech I will be focusing on one particular job‚ which is a power line utility installer. This profession ranks in the top 10 most dangerous jobs in the country. My personal experience as a Utility Theft Investigator almost resulted in an electrocution. While investigating a case of utility theft I placed my hand inside an energized meter can causing an arch with my wedding ring; this could have resulted in a fatality. The following
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or employees results in a diminished productivity is a classic example of the principle of diminishing marginal returns to a variable input. The concept‚ as discussed by Thomas and Maurice on page 296 states that the law of diminishing marginal product is “the principle that as the number of units of the variable input increases other inputs held constant‚ a point will be reached beyond which the marginal product decreases. For example‚ I work in a pastry shop and we make cakes. I typically schedule
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IA 710 CLASS 1 Scarcity‚ shortage and substitutability 1. Answer all parts: a) What do you think is meant by the concept of constrained choice? Why is economics often described as the science of constrained choice? b) Explain how scarcity‚ choice and opportunity cost are relevant when choosing amongst alternatives? 2. Define the concept of “opportunity cost” and discuss various examples. 3. Explain how the concept of opportunity cost may be used to explain the following:
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need to determine if they should make or reject a certain decision by using marginal costs or benefits. Marginal costs refer to the change in cost over the change in quantity while marginal benefits refer to the change in benefits over the change in quantity (“Marginal Costs & Benefits”‚ n.d.). When it comes to a decision in purchasing a home‚ the strength of the economy could affect the marginal costs and the marginal benefits. During the times of economic growth‚ the consumer who purchases a
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Marginal Costs and Benefits Marginal analysis is a technique used in microeconomics by which very small changes in specific variables are studied in terms of the effect on related variables and the system as a whole. Marginal costs and benefits are a vital part of economics because they help to provide the relevant measurement of costs and benefits at a specific level of production and consumption (McCain‚ 2008). This is the reason why I’ve chosen this topic for my paper. We use economics
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Ordinal utility theory:- it argues that a consumer cannot measure satisfaction numerically or subjectively instead she can rank the different baskets or bundles so as to choose the best basket. and theories of utility Utility is usefulness‚ the ability of something to satisfy needs or wants.[1] Utility is an important concept in economics and game theory‚ because it represents satisfaction experienced by the consumer of a commodity or a "good". Not coincidently‚ a good is something that satisfies
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friendship of utility Aristotle’s second type of friendship is the friendship of utility. In a friendship of utility‚ “people love one another because they are useful and only in so far as they are useful” (116). A damaged friendship of utility can be repaired with monetary compensation for the damage that was done – since all utility eventually amounts to money anyway. A friendship of utility will naturally end when one or both members stop being useful to the other. Aristotle says that utility constitutes
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