Abstract— This paper presents the application of Fractional Order PID controller as a supplementary controller to improve the dynamics of Load Frequency Control in an interconnected system. FOPID is a PID controller whose derivative and integral orders are of fractional rather than integer. The extension of derivative and integration order from integer to fractional order provides more flexibility in the design of the controller there by improving the dynamics of the system. Using integral square
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Shapley | Civil Law v. Criminal Law | Introduction to Criminal Law | Joanna Solis 3/2/2012 | Only a few people actually know “the law”. Others think that the criminal justice system is a body that only has one set of rules and laws and all act the same. Not to mention that because of television they think that every case is tried at criminal court with a judge and a panel of jurors. However that is not the case because there’s two specifically types of law‚ civil and criminal law. Though both
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Natural Law VS. Positive Law Laws are rules established by a governing authority to organize and maintain orderly existence. It can generally be divided into two principles: Natural law‚ which is based on the divine‚ and Positive law which states that laws are what the lawmakers command. Throughout history many philosophers have come to be linked to either branch of law. Philosophers such as Aristotle advocated Natural law‚ while others‚ such as Thomas Hobbes‚ supported Positive law. Each
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common law become so rigid and inflexible? Answer: By the reign of henry II‚ the practice of sending the royal justice throughout the country “on circuit” began to result in fairly uniform body of law developing around the country- the common law. The judges were assisted in finding an agreement among them by keeping records known as plea rolls. They set out not only the facts of each case and judgement‚ but often the reasoning behind the judgement‚ in much the same way as the modern law reports
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Individual Rights 1 Individual Rights Versus Public Order Individual Rights 2 Public order and individual rights are not new controversy and how‚ since‚ Immemorial‚ governments and individual citizens have had to walk a thin tightrope between the two ideals. This controversy was the catalyst that sparked the first ten amendments of the Constitution that we know as the Bill of Rights
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Common Law Tradition and Sources of Law Common Law Tradition: In early England‚ there was desire to establish a legal system that did not settle disputes by simply relying on local customs and traditions. Instead‚ there was desire to use a uniform legal system throughout the entire country. “What evolved was the beginning of common law‚ a body of general rules that applied throughout the entire English realm. Eventually‚ the common law tradition became part of the heritage of all nations
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Roman law is more important than Greek philosophy because roman law is a model for American laws today. The romans were successful partly because of their organizational skills. This allowed them to administer law effectively. They were also idealistic. They created a republic with a legislature‚ consuls‚ censors‚ praetors‚ tribunes‚ and a senate. The roman government had public works like roads and aqueducts. They even had laws that imitate our welfare today. Roman law created this idea of precedence
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Originally‚ common law was customary law‚ folk law‚ based on precedent. There was of course statutory law -- the king’s law -- but common law guided how it was enforced and administered. No real common law exists today‚ having been entirely codified as statutory law throughout the English-speaking world. There remains‚ however‚ what are sometimes termed common law rights. Now and again‚ a new situation arises where there is no law to guide a judge‚ but where there really is something to adjudicate
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rapid English colonization. Throughout the years‚ several colonies emerged‚ grew‚ and developed in the "New World." In order to effectively reach their goals and survive‚ people had to establish standardized rules and orders through documents within their communities that would reshape and form their changing lifestyles. Two of the most famous of these documents are the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut‚ written by pilgrims of Connecticut in 1639‚ and the Mayflower Compact‚ which was written by Plymouth
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In Business‚ contracts can be considered as the heart of dealings and have to be taken with utter most consideration of the acceptance‚ however in order to understand in depth a binding agreement‚ we must first discuss‚ what determines a contract or binding agreement. These can be defined as “an agreement which the law will enforce” as well as a “promise or set of promises which the court will enforce”. To facilitate a binding agreement‚ an acceptance must occur and must be absolutely unconditional
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