while they search for local solutions. An inability to leam and manage in a changed context and circumstances will inevitably lead to public displays of dissatisfaction‚ such as public demonstrations‚ that undermine municipalities’ legitimacy. To overcome legitimacy dilemmas‚ municipalities need to strengthen their learning capabilities to enable them to operate effectively within changed circumstances and to become learning organisations. Such organisations‚ according to Senge (1990)‚ have succeeded
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personal survey in streets of New York. 2 Outline I. Introduction to controversy II. Countries using compulsory voting A. Belgium B. Cyprus C. Italy III. Advantages of compulsory voting A. High political participation B. Political legitimacy C. Higher political interest among people D. Increasing efficiency of politicians IV. Disadvantages of compulsory voting A. Individual freedom B. Freedom of speech C. Conflict with religious groups D. Lack of knowledge and interest E. Small
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person to attempt at the systematic understanding of the bureaucracy. Max Weber on Rationality & Authority * Max Weber’s concept of bureaucracy is closely related to his ideas on legitimacy of authority. * He differentiated authority‚ power and control. His theories on domination‚ leadership and legitimacy merit special mention.
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Introduction The terrorist attacks in America have since publicized controversial attitudes in understanding and defining terrorism. There is a misconception of terrorism as it was only in actuality brought to light after the attacks in America on 11 September 2001 (Best & Nocella‚ 2004); this has guided many to assume that terrorism arose in light of the 11 September attacks‚ when actually terrorism did not begin in 2001; nor is it restricted to extremists in the Middle East. Here is where much
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The modern state The rise of the "modern state" as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with western Europe’s gradual institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century‚ culminating in the rise of absolutism and capitalism. As Europe’s dynastic states England under the Tudors‚ Spain under the Hapsburgs‚ and France under the Bourbons embarked on a variety of programs designed to increase centralized political
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organization«. This Institutionalism helps McDonalds to keep its restaurants full whenever you go there all around the world. The core assumption of this theory is that companies decide according to what is expected from them and in order to have “legitimacy. Hence the organization is shaped by a set of norms‚ values and expectations. On account of this the setup of a typical McDonalds restaurant is not simply arbitrariness. Every single detail is forced by a costumer expectation. Some of these are
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that the society was moving towards rationalism. Weber’s works on rationality develop later into his studies on bureaucracy and classification of authority into three types. These three types are rational-legal‚ traditional‚ and charismatic. The legitimacy of these authorities all come from different concepts. Rational-legal authority is a type of leadership that is legal authority based on rules. Meanwhile traditional authority on the other hand is based on belief in sanctity of “the way its always
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would play a decisive role in the war. Emancipation was still seen as a war measure because there was significant opposition from the conservative supporters. However‚ Lincoln explains to a religious group that emancipation would actually restore legitimacy for the Union in Europe‚ as the consensus there was set on an antislavery sentiment. This would prevent European dependence on textiles and undermine King Cotton diplomacy. In order to set a moral framework‚ Jefferson Davis explains that emancipation
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administration. However‚ no rigorous conversion was made‚ some traditional practices remained. The increase of slaves was obtained through conquest and the impact of Islam created religious power to officials in state administration due to appeal of legitimacy of rule. However distant ruling centers would be least likely affected by Islam. West Africa’s economy was greatly stimulated by the appearance of Islam. They were able to trade‚ not only across the Sahara‚ as they had in Europe and the Middle
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and social dimensions. It is mandatory for a company to disclose its sustainability information. In addition ‚ the sustainability disclosure is based on a theory called "system-oriented theory"‚ which includes three aspects:stakeholder theory‚ legitimacy theory and institutional theory. Applying the system-oriented theory for disclosing sustainability information will enhance the operation and development of company in the long-term. Stakeholder Theory A stakeholder refers to "any group or individual
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