Leishmaniasis "The Sting of The Sand Fly" By Jared Yeazell Admittedly‚ since the beginning of time‚ disease has played a drastic role in the history of society. It has affected economic conditions‚ wars‚ and natural disasters. The impact of any disease can be far greater than some far better known catastrophes. In 1918‚ an epidemic of influenza swept the globe
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Leishmaniasis Name of the disease understudy The World Health Organization (WHO) website reports that Leishmaniasis was discovered actually many hundreds of years ago. Leishmaniasis’ signs and symptoms were described in the writings of the Inca period in the 15th and 16th centuries. According to the WHO‚ “One of the first and most important clinical descriptions was made in 1756 by Alexander Russell following an examination of a Turkish patient.” (XX) Brief description of the disease Leishmaniasis
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Jess Fritsche Leptospira interrogans; Leishmania donovani; Legionella pneumophila Leptospira interrogans are flexible‚ gram-negative spirochetes (spiral or cork-screw bacteria) with internal flagella that they use to propel themselves by twisting back and forth 1. “They are motile‚ with hooked ends and paired axial flagella (one on each end)‚ enabling them to burrow into tissue. Motion is marked by continual spinning on the long axis” 2. Leptospira cells are encased in a three to five layer
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HEMOFLAGELLATES characterized by the presence of a large mitochondrion known as a kinetoplast. the kinetoplastida assume different morphologic forms depending on their presence in vertebrate hosts‚ including humans‚ or their insect vectors . 2 genera important in human disease: Trypanosoma Leishmania transmitted by arthropod vectors and have animal hosts that serve as reservoirs. Amastigote stage spherical‚ 2–5 μm in dm and displays a nucleus and kinetoplast. no
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infected. India is the epidemic zone for this disease. This disease alone infects as many as 500‚000 people annually and claims as many as 20‚000 lives. It is often considered to the parasitic version of the NIV virus. Known medically as visceral leishmaniasis and colloquially as black fever‚ kala-azar is caused by a parasite transmitted by the pheobozomine sand fly and is now endemic in 48 districts of 4 states in India‚ putting an estimated population of 165.4 million at risk‚ according to the Indian
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of 15 respondents chose Leishmaniasis. All the “generalists” (i.e. researchers involved with all four diseases‚ representing 46.67% of total) were included in this percentage‚ as well as many of the specialists in the other diseases. Moreover‚ in all six broad criteria derived from the answers (i.e. relevance to the market; technical considerations; installed capacity; structuring/integrating character; involvement of P3D team; opportunities for partnership)‚ Leishmaniasis was the only disease which
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Ebola and Leishmaniasis are deadly diseases according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola is comprised of five distinct species: Zaïre‚ Sudan‚ Côte d’Ivoire‚ Bundibugyo and Reston‚ which causes 25-90% deaths found in African clinics. Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites which transmit this disease by the bite of a tiny female phlebotomine sand fly. This deadly disease is estimated to infect 1-2 million new cases every year. The two diseases that are similar to Ebola and Leishmaniasis are small
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tissue and other vertibrates and insects. Haemoflagelates have two genera in family Trypanosomatidae; Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The protozoan have nucleus‚ kinetoplast and flagella. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen‚ liver‚ and bone marrow. People with this
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6PROTOZOA INTRODUCTION Parasitism A specific type of interaction between two organisms Host-parasite interactions often operate over a longer timescale than those seen with other pathogens Results in significant host-parasite interaction at the cellular and organismal level E.g. Parasites that alter the behavior of the host Giardia lamblia – induce biochemical change in the host cells at the site of infection (duodenal epithelium) Parasites – have life cycles that often involve several hosts (survival
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referred to as "true" elephantiasis. In most areas‚ the lymphatic damage associated with elephantiasis has other causes including certain sexually transmitted diseases (e.g.‚ lymphogranuloma venereum); tuberculosis; an infectious disease called leishmaniasis; repeated streptococcal infections; leprosy; and environmental factors such as exposure to certain minerals (e.g.‚ silica). In some cases‚ no cause can be identified (idiopathic). Recently a team of researchers funded by the National Institute
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